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• W1566453317 abstract "Some disciplines are fortunate to find expositors who are as erudite as eloquent. Evolution had its Darwin, behaviourist psychology, had Skinner, transformational linguistics had Chomsky - and Darwinian literary studies has Joseph Carroll. For almost two decades, he has done as much as anyone else to bring the discipline into being, then into focus. An Evolutionary Paradigm for Literary Study is but the latest effort to forge a consilient paradigm of literary study. In the spirit and the letter of the essay, I will therefore briefly outline several research avenues for literary study it touches on. 1. The Turing Test Underlying this inquiry is the assumption that the evolution of computing machines will lead to the point when they become able spontaneously to create works of literature. - Peter Swirski, Between Literature and Science (93) In the version of evolutionary psychology that lies behind Steven Pinker's view of the arts, writes Carroll, governing conception of the mind is computational, and the governing metaphor for the mind is that of the computer. Significantly, until recently the AI optimists were still reluctant to concede the defeat of die topdown (GOFAI) approach that spoon-fed computers information which, at some point, was supposed to jumpstart independent thinking. Now we know it's a deadend. A thinking computer will not be built: rather, it will build itself by modifying its rulebook, erasing some pre-loaded instructions, adding new ones, and turning itself effectively into an intentional black box. In one word, it will evolve. Generally speaking, survival-oriented behaviour comes in two flavours (in actuality it is hard to find them in isolation). The first is the genotypal homeostat whose hard-wired instincts guarantee a swift response to standard environmental stimuli. The other is the phenotypal homeostat - one that learns, i.e. organizes its behaviour on the basis of historically acquired knowledge. Learning is an ability to acquire information and feed it back into its behaviour, including notably the learning process itself. The chronic absence of success in programming general problem-solving heuristics indicates that progress in that domain will come about only when computers will learn to learn. A learning system will able to rewrite its program in the course of its operations, possibly changing its configuration to the point where it will become a categorically different, independently thinking, one. There are principled ways of investigating whether computers can (be said to) think, and by far the most famous and controversial among them is the Turing test (TT). Most arguments about the evolution of thinking in computers end up being arguments about the validity and extension of the TT. Significantly, from the point of view of literary theorists, the heart of the matter is the subject's verbal performance during the TT, which warrants analysis in linguistic, narratological, rhetorical, and cognate terms. Even more significantly, from the point of view of literary evolutionary theorists, the variety of pragmatic Mutual Contextual Beliefs inherent in the TT entails the formulation of a Theory of Mind by the examiner or, in the upgrade of the test I proposed in Between Literature and Science - by the computer itself. Research in literary studies might make a contribution to the analysis of the Turing test-framed dimension of evolving, thinking, and ultimately literature-creating (third-order) computers. 2. Game Theory Before drawing the two matrixes for the Mission Game, I must encourage readers to resist the feeling that this sort of analysis may be too arcane for them to understand. - Peter Swirski, Of Literature and Knowledge (142) Evolution and game theory fuse directly in evolutionary game theory. Insofar as it makes little sense to treat animals as rational decision-makers, evolutionary game theory treats environmentally stable outcomes as survival strategies sustained by evolution, whereby the payoffs for animal populations are assumed to reflect their degree of environmental fitness. …" @default.
• W1566453317 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1566453317 date "2008-06-22" @default.
• W1566453317 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1566453317 title "Four Ways to Skin a Cat: Evolution and Literary Study" @default.
• W1566453317 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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