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• W1566765247 abstract "There are several forms of vocalization present in the cat which include meowing, howling, growling and hissing. The present chapter focuses on one type of vocalization, namely hissing, that occurs in response to a real or perceived threat as part of an overall behavioral pattern referred to as “defensive rage behavior.” Specific attention is given to analysis of the neural substrates and mechanisms by which this response is mediated. A distinction is made between two classes of structures: (1) those associated with the integration and expression of defensive rage behavior; and (2) those associated with the modulation of those structures from which this behavior is elicited. The first class includes the medial hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), and the second class includes limbic and related structures. The major focus considers the principal underlying neuroanatomical circuitry and neurochemical mechanisms associated with defensive rage. Integration of defensive rage takes place in the medial hypothalamus and a similar response mechanism is expressed in the dorsal PAG, which receives direct inputs from the medial hypothalamus. The vocalization component of the defensive rage response is mediated through descending fibers that supply the motor nuclei of cranial nerves V and VII. Potentiation or suppression of this behavior is modulated through limbic nuclei, which include the amygdala, septal area and prefrontal cortex that supply the medial hypothalamus and/or PAG. Neurotransmitters that facilitate defensive rage by acting within the medial hypothalamus or PAG include glutamate, substance P, catecho-lamines, serotonin (acting through 5-HT2 receptors), acetylcholine and cholecystokinin. Neurotransmitters that suppress this behavior include enkephalins, GABA and serotonin (acting through 5-HT1A receptors). In addition, recent evidence has shown that cytokines present in the medial hypothalamus and PAG, which include interleukin-1 and interleukin-2, act through classical neurotransmitters to powerfully modulate this response." @default.
• W1566765247 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1566765247 creator A5018179375 @default.
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• W1566765247 creator A5064580621 @default.
• W1566765247 creator A5085550284 @default.
• W1566765247 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W1566765247 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1566765247 title "Limbic, hypothalamic and periaqueductal gray circuitry and mechanisms controlling rage and vocalization in the cat" @default.
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• W1566765247 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374593-4.00024-3" @default.
• W1566765247 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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