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• W1566900744 abstract "Joseph Carroll has done an excellent job outlining some of the accomplishments of mis fresh approach to literature. Unsurprisingly, I approve of the endeavor, being a PhD in evolutionary psychology who started out majoring in biology with a minor in comparative literature. Back in the day, I loved those literature classes. Or at least, I loved the reading of Homer and Virgil, and later on the works of Shakespeare, Dostoyevsty, and Baudelaire. But I never quite understood the point of the types of analyses mat the professors wanted. It wasn't that they were difficult to do (and the psychoanalytic ones were certainly fun) but I saw them as an intellectual exercise, not as something that provided enlightenment as to the true motives behind the characters or author(s) or the enduring appeal of certain plots or character types. In other words, I didn't buy mem, and so I lost interest. Years later, during the last year or so of my PhD program, I developed an interest in studying erotic fiction and films from an evolutionary perspective with a particular focus on how differences in the sexual psychologies of men and women have shaped the market for erotica (romance and other erotic literature for women and largely pornography for men). I also began to read articles by Carroll, Brett Cooke, and Jon Gottschall which rekindled my interest in the study of literature. While in my own work I have largely viewed it as a source of data on human nature, the new Literary Darwinians have shown me the possibility of a study of literature that is not simply an intellectual exercise but something integrated with modern scientific psychology and anthropology. In An Evolutionary Paradigm for Literary Study, Carroll raises the issue of whether the arts are an adaptation in and of themselves. Clearly, involvement in the arts, defined broadly, is a human universal. However, the human desire to produce and consume fiction could have two possible explanations which he outlines. One is that our involvement in fiction is simply the byproduct of psychological adaptations mat were designed by natural selection to serve other functions. We are not designed to engage in fictional experiences, we are susceptible to them. Pinker has been one of the leading proponents of this perspective, which is sometimes explained with the image of the arts as something that picks the locks of our brains' pleasure circuits.90 The other explanation, first articulated by Tooby and Cosmides (Does Beauty Build?), is mat our involvement in fictional experiences is an adaptation, something we are designed to do because of its' fitness benefits. With fiction unleashing our reactions to potential lives and realities, we feel more richly and adaptively about what we have not actually experienced. This allows us not only to understand others' choices and inner lives better, but to feel our way more foresightfully to adaptively better choices ourselves. (23) As Carroll noted, I believe both explanations may be correct and that different types of fiction may be successful because they tap into either the lock-picking pleasure circuits or engage organizing adaptations (Salmon and Symons, Slash Fiction). It may be that some of the most successful tap into both. When raising the issue of empirical methodology, Carroll suggests that some literary scholars would argue that while science focuses on patterns in the physical world, the humanities focus on the qualitatively unique. Despite such claims, Trying to isolate literary study from psychological and historical generalizations is a sophistical maneuver that will not stand against the simplest appeal to factual evidence... literary critics cannot do without appeal to the regularities of human psychology. Without such regularities, specific works would not have widespread appeal. The importing of methodology from the social sciences is one way to collect such empirical data and will, I expect, continue to be a fruitful endeavor for many in the field. …" @default.
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• W1566900744 date "2008-06-22" @default.
• W1566900744 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1566900744 title "Reflections on Literary Darwinism" @default.
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