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- W1566954575 abstract "Abstract The brain parenchyma has long been considered immunologically privileged based on the lack of a true lymphoid system. It is, however, clear now that brain infection or injury elicits innate immune responses including the release of cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Interestingly, low levels of IL-1β are already present in the developing and adult brain in the absence of any infection or injury, indicating that this cytokine plays a role in the modulation of central nervous system functioning. The aim of this chapter is to provide some insight into the different roles IL-1β may play in the brain in the absence of neuropathology and to outline the difficulties and pitfalls associated with the study of brain IL-1β expression and action. Brain IL-1β expression during postnatal development has been hypothesized to regulate neuronal survival in a nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent way. It is becoming clear that the constitutive low expression of IL-1β in the adult hippocampus plays a role in spatial learning and memory processes, possibly through its role in maintaining long-term potentiation. The circadian variation in expression of IL-1β in the adult forebrain is proposed to play a role in the physiological regulation of sleep, probably as a circulating factor in the cerebrospinal fluid. Constitutive IL-1β expression in neuroendocrine hypothalamic nuclei might act as a true neuropeptide and mediate neuroendocrine responses in response to physical stressors. The peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides induces de novo IL-1β synthesis at the blood–brain interface without disrupting the blood–brain barrier. This transient IL-1β production at the blood–brain interface in response to peripheral immune stimuli is thought to constitute a signal mediating behavioral changes during infectious and inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, it is recognized increasingly that IL-1β production and action in the brain is involved in various neurobiological responses that are distinct from its classical role in mediating cellular responses to infection and injury." @default.
- W1566954575 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1566954575 creator A5043661499 @default.
- W1566954575 creator A5044696234 @default.
- W1566954575 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W1566954575 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W1566954575 title "Brain Interleukin-1β Expression and Action in the Absence of Neuropathology" @default.
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