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• W1566993368 abstract "Transposons are mobile genetic elements that have shaped evolution and thus constitute much of modern genomes. Their movements cause diseases, change regulatory patterns and spread antibiotic resistance. Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) transposition, is carried out by a unique transposase protein that recognises a hairpin structure formed on ssDNA, excises the transposon as a single-stranded circle, and integrates it specifically into ssDNA target. The use of ssDNA alleviates the cumbersome processing of the second DNA strand and implies a built-in regulation of transposition via substrate limitation in vivo. Moreover, it allows selection of a specific sequence for integration via base-pairing between transposon and target DNA. Due to this target site recognition strategy the transposon can be redirected to novel sites and may permit the development of programmable site-specific genetic tools for research and gene therapy. Furthermore, unexpected similarities suggest that ssDNA transposons share mechanistic features with repetitive extragenic palindromes and ribonucleic acid (RNA) machines. Key Concepts: Transposons are mobile genetic parasites that can move from one location in the genome to another. Transposons are abundant in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, where they contribute to genome structure, function and evolution. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) transposition is carried out solely on ssDNA substrates and intermediates. ssDNA transposons alleviate the need for cutting and pasting two DNA strands and thereby preserve chemical energy. The transposon encodes a transposase protein, which recognises, cleaves and integrates the two ends of the transposon in the context of a synaptic complex called the transpososome. The ssDNA transpososome recognises its target site sequence specifically via base-pairing interactions between a part of the transposon DNA and the cleavage site. In vivo, ssDNA transposition is limited by the availability of ssDNA, which provides a built-in regulatory mechanism. Their mechanism of target site recognition allows ssDNA transposons to be redirected to novel target site sequences, potentially allowing the development of unique genetic tools for research and medicine. Repetitive extragenic palindromes (REPs) may have derived from ssDNA transposons. In complex with a helper protein, ssDNA can form complex intertwined tertiary structures providing unique functions that were previously seen only for RNA." @default.
• W1566993368 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1566993368 creator A5018719528 @default.
• W1566993368 date "2012-07-16" @default.
• W1566993368 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1566993368 title "Mechanism of Single-Stranded DNA Transposition: A Structural Perspective" @default.
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• W1566993368 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0023178" @default.
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