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• W1567135553 endingPage "5138" @default.
• W1567135553 startingPage "5121" @default.
• W1567135553 abstract "The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains chemically defined neurons (ccRTN neurons) that provide a pH‐regulated excitatory drive to the central respiratory pattern generator. Here we test whether ccRTN neurons respond to stimulation of the perifornical hypothalamus (PeF), a region that regulates breathing during sleep, stress and exercise. PeF stimulation with gabazine increased blood pressure, phrenic nerve discharge (PND) and the firing rate of ccRTN neurons in isoflurane‐anaesthetized rats. Gabazine produced an approximately parallel upward shift of the steady‐state relationship between ccRTN neuron firing rate and end‐tidal CO 2 , and a similar shift of the relationship between PND and end‐tidal CO 2 . The central respiratory modulation of ccRTN neurons persisted after gabazine without a change in pattern. Morphine administration typically abolished PND and reduced the discharge rate of most ccRTN neurons (by 25% on average). After morphine administration, PeF stimulation activated the ccRTN neurons normally but PND activation and the central respiratory modulation of the ccRTN neurons were severely attenuated. In the same rat preparation, most (58%) ccRTN neurons expressed c‐Fos after exposure to hypercapnic hyperoxia (6–7% end‐tidal CO 2 ; 3.5 h; no hypothalamic stimulation) and 62% expressed c‐Fos under hypocapnia (∼3% end‐tidal CO 2 ) after PeF stimulation. Under baseline conditions (∼3% end‐tidal CO 2 , hyperoxia, no PeF stimulation) few (11%) ccRTN neurons expressed c‐Fos. In summary, most ccRTN neurons are excited by posterior hypothalamic stimulation while retaining their normal response to CNS acidification. ccRTN neurons probably contribute both to the chemical drive of breathing and to the feed‐forward control of breathing associated with emotions and or locomotion." @default.
• W1567135553 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1567135553 creator A5007704402 @default.
• W1567135553 creator A5037638886 @default.
• W1567135553 creator A5045551755 @default.
• W1567135553 creator A5090361193 @default.
• W1567135553 date "2009-10-30" @default.
• W1567135553 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1567135553 title "Activation of the retrotrapezoid nucleus by posterior hypothalamic stimulation" @default.
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• W1567135553 doi "https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.176875" @default.
• W1567135553 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2790253" @default.
• W1567135553 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19752119" @default.
• W1567135553 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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