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• W1567391514 endingPage "2494" @default.
• W1567391514 startingPage "2480" @default.
• W1567391514 abstract "Short-term synaptic plasticity may dramatically influence neuronal information transfer, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In autapses (self-synapses) formed by cultured hippocampal neurons, short-term synaptic depression (STD) had several unusual features. (1) Reduction of neurotransmitter release probability with Cd(2+), a blocker of voltage-gated calcium channels, did not change depression. (2) Lowering [Ca(2+)](o) and/or raising [Mg(2+)](o) had little effect on STD in cells with strong baseline depression, but in cells with more modest baseline depression, it reduced the depression. (3) Random variations in the size of initial EPSCs did not influence successive EPSC sizes. These findings were inconsistent with release-dependent mechanisms, such as vesicle depletion, post-synaptic receptor desensitization, and autoreceptor inhibition. Instead, other results suggested that changes in action potentials (APs) contributed to depression. The somatic APs declined in amplitude with repetitive stimulation, and modest reduction of AP amplitudes with tetrodotoxin inhibited EPSCs. Notably, tetrodotoxin also increased depression. Similar changes in axonal APs could produce STD in at least two ways. First, decreasing presynaptic spike amplitudes could reduce calcium entry and release probability. Alternatively, APs could fail to propagate through some axonal branches, reducing the number of active synapses. To explore these possibilities, we derived the expected variance of EPSCs for the two scenarios. Experimentally, the variance increased and then decreased on average with successive responses during trains of APs, confirming a unique prediction from the conduction failure scenario. Thus, STD had surprising properties, incompatible with commonly postulated mechanisms but consistent with AP conduction failure at axonal branches." @default.
• W1567391514 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1567391514 creator A5045137391 @default.
• W1567391514 creator A5065549626 @default.
• W1567391514 date "2000-04-01" @default.
• W1567391514 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1567391514 title "Release-Independent Short-Term Synaptic Depression in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons" @default.
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• W1567391514 doi "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.20-07-02480.2000" @default.
• W1567391514 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6772230" @default.
• W1567391514 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10729328" @default.
• W1567391514 hasPublicationYear "2000" @default.
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