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- W1567435797 abstract "The dielectric relaxation phenomenon in ferroelectric materials reflects the delay (time dependence) in the frequency response of a group of dipoles when submitted to an external applied field. When an alternating voltage is applied to a sample, the dipoles responsible for the polarization are no longer able to follow the oscillations of the electric field at certain frequencies. The field reversal and the dipole reorientation become out-of-phase giving rise to a dissipation of energy. Over a wide frequency range, different types of polarization cause several dispersion regions (Figure 1) and the critical frequency, characteristic of each contributing mechanism, depends on the nature of the dipoles. The dissipation of energy, which is directly related to the dielectric losses, can be characterized by several factors: ithe losses associated to resonant processes, characteristics of the elastic displacing of ions and electrons, and iithe dipolar losses, due to the reorientation of the dipolar moment or the displacing of the ions between two equilibrium positions. For ferroelectric materials the dielectric relaxation mechanisms are very sensitive to factors such as temperature, electric field, ionic substitution, structural defects, etc. The defects depend on either intrinsic or extrinsic heterogeneities due to special heat treatments, ionic substitutions, grain size additives, and grain boundary nature. On the other hand, structural defects may cause modifications of the short and/or long-range interactions in ferroelectric materials. From this point of view, apart from the localized dipolar species, free charge carriers can exist in the material. Several physical processes cause the decay of the electrical polarization: dipolar reorientation, motion of the real charges stored in the material and its ohmic conductivity. The former is induced by thermal excitations, which lead to decay of the resultant dipolar polarization. The second process is related to the drift of the charges stored in the internal field of the sample and their thermal diffusion. With the increase of the temperature, the dipoles tend to gradually disorder owing to the increasing thermal motion and the space charges trapped at different depths are gradually set free. Thus, the electrical conductivity in ferroelectric materials affects the physical properties because of there will be a competition between the ferroelectric phase and free charge carriers." @default.
- W1567435797 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1567435797 date "2010-12-14" @default.
- W1567435797 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W1567435797 title "Dielectric Relaxation Phenomenon in Ferroelectric Perovskite-related Structures" @default.
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- W1567435797 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/13418" @default.
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