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• W1567644180 abstract "Optical networks provide a common infrastructure over which a variety of services can be delivered. These networks are also increasingly becoming capable of delivering bandwidth in a flexible manner where and when needed. This chapter describes the large increase in traffic demands, the increase in data traffic relative to voice traffic, the deregulated telecom industry, the resulting emergence of a new set of carriers as well as equipment suppliers to these carriers, the need for new and flexible types of services, and an infrastructure to support all of these. Two generations of optical networks are described: first-generation networks and second-generation networks. First-generation networks use optical fiber as a replacement for copper cable to get higher capacities. Second-generation networks provide circuit-switched lightpaths by routing and switching wavelengths inside the network. The key elements that enable this are optical line terminals (OLTs), optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs), and optical crossconnects (OXCs). Optical packet switching may develop over time but faces several technological hurdles. There were two complementary approaches to increasing transmission capacity: using more wavelengths on the fiber (WDM) and increasing the bit rate (TDM). Also, the historical evolution of optical fiber transmission and networking is traced. It is significant that one is still far away from hitting the fundamental limits of capacity in optical fiber. Although there are several roadblocks along the way, one will no doubt see the invention of new techniques that enable progressively higher and higher capacities and the deployment of optical networks with increasing functionality." @default.
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• W1567644180 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W1567644180 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1567644180 title "Introduction to Optical Networks" @default.
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• W1567644180 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374092-2.50009-6" @default.
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