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- W1567709601 abstract "Shoulder removals are a controversial subject as they are contrary to standards and have the appearance of compromising safety. Initial research indicated that shoulder removals did not adversely affect safety, and the number of projects with shoulder removals increased. As the number of projects with less than standard width shoulders increased, the concerns about safety were renewed. This study addresses two issues concerning shoulder removals: safety and traffic operations. Improvement of traffic flow is the primary reason for considering shoulder removals. This objective is met for most projects; however, extensive removal of both shoulders appears to be counter productive. Significant numbers of non deferrable stops occur on any freeway, and the lack of any area for emergency parking will result in increased mainlane stops. The delay caused by increased mainlane stops on a no shoulder section appears to outweigh the benefits of added capacity through removal of all shoulders. Overall safety is improved on study sections where inside shoulders are removed to add capacity on very congested roadways (adt greater than 20,000 vehicles per lane per day) and the congestion is reduced (adt per lane less than 18,000 vehicles per lane per day). The improved safety appears to be the result of improved traffic operation. If congestion is less severe, then safety appears to be unchanged where inside shoulders are removed. Inside shoulder removals appear to be preferable to outside shoulder removals. Outside shoulders have generally been removed for two reasons. In a number of cases, outside shoulder removals were easier to implement because the lane addition functioned as an auxiliary lane between ramps. The second reason for removing outside shoulders is that there was no inside shoulder. This research suggests that inside shoulder removals are preferable to outside shoulder removals, all other things equal. Removal of right shoulders should only be considered where some emergency parking area exists beyond the shoulder or the section is very short (a)." @default.
- W1567709601 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1567709601 date "1987-02-01" @default.
- W1567709601 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1567709601 title "Safety and operational evaluation of shoulders on urban freeways" @default.
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