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- W1567767515 endingPage "154" @default.
- W1567767515 startingPage "101" @default.
- W1567767515 abstract "This chapter presents the dopamine (DA) hypothesis of drug addiction. Drug addiction is a brain disorder caused by the repetitive use of various chemicals that alter the normal functioning of the central nervous system with consequent behavioral abnormalities. A neurotransmitter system (the mesolimbic DA system) appears to be modified in its functioning more than others, and appears to fluctuate differently and predictably depending on acute drug challenge, chronic drug treatments, and withdrawal conditions irrespective of the chemical abused. The DA system participates in the most harmful consequences of repetitive drug use and is a major determinant of craving and relapse even after drug-free periods. The dopamine hypothesis contends that a hypodopaminergic state characterizes animal models of drug addiction and addicted human brains, and the frequently cited increase in activity after acute drug challenge plays only a minor initial role in the disease and its development over time. The mesolimbic DA system displays a reduced spontaneous activity after chronic drug intake and withdrawal— that is, the crucial phases of addiction. In experimental animal models, when direct measures of DA neurons' functioning are employed, a reduction in spontaneous activity is reported irrespective of the addicting chemical. When methods, such as place-conditioning studies, self-administration, and intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) are applied, aversion, increased self-administration, and higher current thresholds (BP) respectively are observed in similar conditions. Studies of human addicts coherently report a reduction of D 2 receptors and reduction in DA release" @default.
- W1567767515 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1567767515 creator A5045189209 @default.
- W1567767515 creator A5068049084 @default.
- W1567767515 creator A5088344715 @default.
- W1567767515 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W1567767515 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W1567767515 title "The Dopamine Hypothesis of Drug Addiction: Hypodopaminergic State" @default.
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