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- W1567789427 abstract "CAROLYNE LARRINGTON, King Arthur's Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition. London: I.B. Tauris, 2006. Pp. viii, 264. ISBN: 978-1-84511-113-7. $35. £18.99. In King Arthur's Enchantresses, Carolyne Larrington surveys representations of Morgan le Fay, the Lady of the Lake, the Viviane/Niviene figure, and Morgause in medieval literature, Victorian re-imaginings, and modern popular culture. The introduction points out that in medieval texts the enchantresses are not witches but aristocratic women who have learned magic and whose actions defy traditional concepts of feminine behavior. Chapter one defines natural and demonic magic; identifies several magical elements appearing with one or more of the enchantresses, such as herbs, rings, enclosure, and shape-shifting; and concludes with the insightful claim that governs the remaining chapters: the magic performed by these Arthurian enchantresses 'cannot escape from central and contemporary questions about gender and power' (28). The next three chapters focus on Morgan, while the fifth concentrates on Viviane, the huntress/Niviene-figure, and the Lady of the Lake. Chapter 6 is devoted to Morgause, for although she is not an enchantress in medieval works, she becomes one in some modern media. Chapter 7 takes up Victorian literary and pictorial treatments of 'Vivien.' The final chapter turns to representations of the enchantresses from Twain's 1889 Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court to the wicker 'Nine Morgens' carried in the procession at the 2003 Glastonbury Goddess Festival. In developing the chapters on the medieval texts, Larrington summarizes episodes involving the enchantresses and weaves in interpretations based on selected scholarship as she emphasizes gendered aspects. For instance, in chapter three, we hear about women's words, such as Morgan's 'magically enhanced words of enchantment' keeping unfaithful knights in coerced fidelity in the Val sans Retour (55), but Enide's cousin speaking only in the 'powerless sphere of female conversation' when her lover, Maboagrain, is liberated in Chretien's Erec (53). The second chapter's topic of Morgan and Arthur's sibling relationship is a welcome addition to views of Morgan. Larrington draws upon psychological theory about the co-existence of loyalty with conflict in the sister-brother bond to account for the ways thirteenth-century writers, for instance, elaborated Morgan's sisterly role by 'making her passionate love affairs and desire for power figure the ways in which women's agendas can disrupt chivalric norms' yet also enlarged Morgan's work as 'conductor' of her dying brother to his 'final resting place' (46). …" @default.
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- W1567789427 title "King Arthur's Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition" @default.
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