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• W1567956288 abstract "Diabetes mellitus, the metabolic disorder is rapidly on the rise, becoming one of the main threats to human health and imposing large socio-economic burden on the society in the 21st century (Dall et al.; 2010). International Diabetes Federation in 2011 estimated that over 300 million people around the world have diabetes and is expected to rise to 500 million within next 20 years. The global prevalence of diabetes is shifting significantly from the developed countries to the developing countries. Current therapy for diabetes involves oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin administration; these approaches do not mimic the pulsatile insulin secretory patterns of native β islets for the regulation of glucose in real-time nor provide tight control of blood glucose to avoid late complications of the disease. Whole pancreas transplantation holds promise towards a cure for diabetes, but this procedure requires major surgery and lifelong immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. Transplantation of islet cells isolated from a donor pancreas has been shown to control glucose levels successfully. Being less invasive, it is a better alternative to pancreas transplantation yet scarcity of donors, maintenance of islet functions such as cell growth and survival in vitro, and concern over the adverse effect of life long immunosuppressants used to prevent graft rejection precludes the benefits of islet transplantation from becoming universally acceptable. One approach to overcome these obstacles of immune rejection is islet encapsulation (Kizilel et al., 2005; Mikos et al; 1994) that uses an immuno-protective biomaterial to create a permselective membrane around a group of islet cells. Transplanted islet cells are separated from the immunological system of host by means of an artificial selectively permeable membrane which allows passage of metabolites and nutrients, while excluding based on size, the larger proteins and cells of the immune system. Thus, encapsulation is designed to limit, and ideally eliminate, an immunological response to the non-host islet cells. Isolation of the islet cells from the human immune system may also make xeno-transplants such as porcine islets, stem cells derived insulin producing cells possible, eliminating the supply problem that exists and the usage of immune suppressive drugs. Current research is directed towards exploration of alternative sources of pancreatic islet cells. Pancreatic βcell lines, embryonic stem cells (ESC), adult progenitor cells (APC), and regenerating native islet cells, generation of β cells by therapeutic cloning and" @default.
• W1567956288 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1567956288 creator A5015093188 @default.
• W1567956288 creator A5074140309 @default.
• W1567956288 date "2011-08-17" @default.
• W1567956288 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W1567956288 title "Perspectives of Islet Cell Transplantation as a Therapeutic Approach for Diabetes Mellitus" @default.
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