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• W1568523289 endingPage "461" @default.
• W1568523289 startingPage "433" @default.
• W1568523289 abstract "Gold is a rare metal normally occurring in low abundances (1–5 ppb) in the Earth's crust. It is strongly siderophilic, typically occurs in its native form or as an alloy with silver, and is chemically inert. It is nevertheless weakly soluble in the presence of a variety of complexing agents of which two – chloride and bisulfide ligands – are widely implicated in the mobilization and concentration of gold in the Earth's crust. As a result, gold deposits of varying size and economic viability are fairly common, although there is a tendency for concentrations to occur in close spatial and temporal association with major orogenic events. One auriferous sequence – the Archean-aged Witwatersrand Basin – stands out for its unique endowment and convoluted ore-forming paragenesis. The geochemistry of gold in the Witwatersrand deposits provides a number of useful insights into the nature and origin of these ores. Witwatersrand gold is enigmatic in that it exhibits variable morphologies, suggesting two modes of formation – initial fluvial deposition of flattened and overturned micronuggets derived from a heterogeneous provenance and crystalline gold precipitated from hot, metal-charged aqueous solutions. This dichotomy is responsible for contrasting ideas on Witwatersrand ore genesis that have resulted in the century-long debate between placer and hydrothermal models. Gold exhibits variable Ag and Hg contents that are distinguishable at the scale of individual goldfields and mines – systematic variations as a function of stratigraphy and burial depth are less evident. Smaller variance also occurs between gold grains at a meter to millimeter scale, with individual grains also exhibiting compositional heterogeneity at the micron scale. This pattern argues in favor of gold that was originally derived from a heterogeneous source terrane – carrying a fingerprint of its source in its chemical composition – and then substantially recrystallized by circulating basinal fluids over very limited transport distances but essentially retaining its source-area chemical traits. The localized remobilization of gold that is envisaged on the basis of gold morphological and chemical evidence is consistent with a modified placer origin for Witwatersrand ores." @default.
• W1568523289 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1568523289 creator A5016804565 @default.
• W1568523289 creator A5055141360 @default.
• W1568523289 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W1568523289 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1568523289 title "Geochemistry of Placer Gold – A Case Study of the Witwatersrand Deposits" @default.
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• W1568523289 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01119-0" @default.
• W1568523289 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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