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• W1569074575 abstract "Epidural or subdural electrodes are often used in humans in order to identify eloquent structures by stimulation or recording. Neurosurgeons are able to use the motor maps gathered more than 50 years ago by Penfield and Jasper (1954) for delineation of the functions of non-lesioned cortical tissue. These and other contributions have been made during surgical procedures in humans by either applying direct cortical stimulation (Woolsey et al., 1979; Burke and Hicks, 1998) or recording from the spinal cord tracts after cortical or peripheral nerve stimulation (Burke and Hicks, 1998; Di Lazzaro et al., 2006). Peroperatory neurophysiological monitoring offers also great opportunities for learning from using neurophysiological techniques, at the same time as helping the surgeon to reach a better outcome (Rainov et al., 1997; Horikoshi et al., 2000; Deletis and Sala, 2008). These procedures have not only helped to improve the surgical procedure but they have allowed the use of neurophysiological tests to expand our knowledge on human central nervous system circuitry and functional connectivity. Nowadays, stereotactically placed electrodes with therapeutic aims such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), offer the possibility to reach structures that could not be otherwise targeted in humans and investigate further physiological aspects of brain circuits. For these purposes, authors have used the DBS electrodes inserted either in the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus (Vim), the globus pallidus internus (GPi), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) or others in which the results of research are still scarce (Weinberger et al., 2008; Galati et al., 2008; Shimamoto et al., 2010; Alessandro et al., 2010). The information brought by these studies has already shed some light on the functioning of some central nervous system circuits. However, many questions remain to be answered and further research on the subject is required to 1) understand fully the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of chronic repetitive high frequency DBS, and 2) strengthen our knowledge on human brain circuitry and connectivity." @default.
• W1569074575 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1569074575 creator A5041475663 @default.
• W1569074575 creator A5054073745 @default.
• W1569074575 creator A5088949299 @default.
• W1569074575 date "2011-12-07" @default.
• W1569074575 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1569074575 title "Human Central Nervous System Circuits Examined in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Using the Electrodes Implanted for Deep Brain Stimulation" @default.
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