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• W1569154472 abstract "The in Opposition, by M. Sukru Hanioglu. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii + 216 pages. Notes to p. 358. Bibl. to p. 380. Index to p. 390. $29.95. Reviewed by Engin Deniz Akarli The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), or the Young Turks as the people affiliated with this organization are sometimes called, led the opposition against Sultan `Abd al-Hamid II's autocratic rule and dominated Ottoman politics between 1908-18. In the process, the CUP served as the mother of many other political organizations and as a school of political praxis for many leaders of the post-Ottoman Near East. Hanioglu's book is a welcome, and, in many ways, impressive contribution to our knowledge of the history of this important organization. The author concentrates his attention on the formative years of the CUP, from its modest beginnings among the students of the Royal Medical School in Istanbul, in 1889, to its first congress in Paris in 1902. He provides us with the most detailed account to date of this least well-known stage of the CUP's evolution on the basis of information painstakingly gathered from a great variety of sources in several languages. The scope and depth of Hanioglu's research is certainly praiseworthy. Hanioglu traces the activities of the CUP in many cities both within the Ottoman empire and abroad. It becomes clear that during this formative stage the CUP was not so much an organization with a clearly identifiable or evolving structure, as it was a rallying cry from quite amorphous clusters of Ottoman intellectuals and bureaucrats who felt alienated from the regime, for various reasons, and nourished different hopes for the future of their society. Bringing `Abd al-Hamid's personal rule to an end seems to have been the sole shared objective which enabled these dissident elements to work together, even if unsteadily. The author points to several key issues on which the CUP factions took different stands. One of these issues was Ottoman relations with foreign governments. Some members openly solicited external, especially British, support; others viewed foreign intervention in Ottoman affairs with suspicion. Disputes over the tactics to be used to bring `Abd al-Hamid's rule to an end caused further divisions. While some put their faith in systematic publication and propaganda, others took more activist positions ranging from efforts to engineer high-level coups d'etat to outright anarchistic acts. Growing sensitivities over the ethnic and religious differences of the Ottoman population also hampered the CUP's efforts to create a coherent oppositional organization. Shifting international relations, problems encountered in financing the CUP activities, and the machinations and countermeasures of the Ottoman government further complicated the efforts to generate a sustained movement. …" @default.
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• W1569154472 date "1996-10-01" @default.
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• W1569154472 title "The Young Turks in Opposition" @default.
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