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- W1569332979 abstract "Large green plants have the capability to move significant amounts of soil solution into the plant body through the roots and evaporate this water out of the leaves as pure water vapor in the transpiration process. It is known that tritium, as tritiated water, is partly directly incorporated in biological tissues, and partly transpired by plants as tritiated water vapor. An innovative application of engineered phytoremediation has been deployed at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) site in Illinois. At this site, tritium is present as a co-contaminant with Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the groundwater, approximately 30 ft (10 m) deep in the glacial subsoil. In 1999, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), through the Accelerated Site Technology Deployment (ASTD) Program funded the deployment of a phytoremediation system in the 317/319 areas with the objectives of minimizing water infiltration into the source soils, stabilizing the treated soil surface to prevent erosion, runoff, and downstream sedimentation; hydraulically contain tritium and VOCs migration with the groundwater, and continuing remediation of the residual VOCs in the plume. The phytoremediation system installed involves the use of high-transpiring, deep-rooted phreatophytes to provide hydraulic control of the contaminated plume. While the fate of the VOCs in a phytoremediation system has already been demonstrated in a number of cases, this installation is pioneering the use of phytoevaporation for the removal of tritium from the subsoil. A preliminary evaluation conducted by ANL prior to the inception of the project indicated that even assuming that all of the tritium (at the highest concentration in the plume) were transpired by plants, air emissions of tritium would result in an inconsequential exposure for a person at the site boundary, and be well within the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS). Soon after DOE funded the project, the U.S. EPA and DOE agreed to include this remediation technology deployment in the projects evaluated by the EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. Under this program, the EPA is independently monitoring and evaluating the technology's performance at the ANL-E 317/319 sites, in addition to the scheduled monitoring activities conducted by ANL. Phytoremediation at the 317/319 areas at Argonne was deployed in the summer of 1999 achieving a significant, 33% cost saving over the baseline traditional technology of capping and extraction wells. As the plants mature, performance data will validate further predicted cost savings on operations and maintenance, as the existing extraction wells will be closed and the plants will generate no secondary waste." @default.
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- W1569332979 date "2000-06-01" @default.
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- W1569332979 title "Capturing a 'mixed' contaminant plume : tritium phytoevaporation at Argonne National Laboratory's area 319." @default.
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