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- W156936578 abstract "In a number of technologies such as polymers and carbon fibres, where there is a similar interest in the nature of organic functional groups and their effect on material performance, the technique of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), has been applied successfully to a wide range of problems. However XPS is a technique which is little used in coal science. Since it has high surface sensitivity and the specific surfaces properties of coals play an important role in a number of coal technologies, e.g. flotation and agglomeration, it is perhaps surprising that XPS is not used more extensively. The reasons for this may lie in some of the discouraging references in the literature. For example early work by Frost et al found no relationship between oxygen concentrations determined by XPS and the bulk analysis of a series of float-sink fractions. More recently Huffmann et al observed that oxidation of bituminous coals for up to 383 days at 50/sup 0/C in air completely destroyed Geiseler fluidity but neither XPS nor DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance FTIR) spectroscopy could detect any parallel changes in the functional group composition of the coal. This paper describes the applicationmore » of XPS to coal, coal reactions and coal products. The aim is to present a critical evaluation in the context of other techniques which are applied to coal.« less" @default.
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- W156936578 date "1986-04-01" @default.
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- W156936578 title "Functional group analysis of coal and coal products by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy" @default.
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