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- W1569376187 abstract "A general review and classification of additional diastolic and systolic sounds is presented. The mechanism of these sounds is discussed on the basis of new, partly unpublished, studies. 1.1. The components of the third sound and of the atrial sound and their time relationship to intracardiac pressure changes are described. Recent studies have revealed a definite connection between the third sound and the end of active relaxation of the ventricular wall when distending forces act on the wall. The time relationship of the components of the atrial sound to intracardiac pressure changes are described, and the findings of intracardiac phonocardiograms in normal hearts are presented. 2.2. The factors causing an increase of diastolic sounds (triple or quadruple rhythms) are discussed, and a general interpretation of these sounds is presented, relating the loud third sound to absolute or relative diastolic overload, and the loud atrial sound to absolute or relative systolic overload. 3.3. The fact that in certain conditions a functional diastolic rumble occurs instead of a diastolic sound is stressed. 4.4. The factors causing an opening snap of the mitral or tricuspid valve are reviewed and a general interpretation, partly based on data of intracardiac phonocardiography, is presented. Functional opening snaps can occur; the conditions of their occurrence (mostly increase of blood flow through an A-V valve) are discussed. 5.5. The intervals between the aortic component of the second sound and the mitral or tricuspid sound or snap are described. The importance of these intervals lies in the fact that they can be related to the level of atrial pressure, thus permitting evaluation of the latter by a nontraumatic method. New data on the duration of this interval (isometric relaxation period or isovolumetric relaxation period) in normal subjects are presented. The differential diagnosis between split second sound and normal second sound followed by an opening snap or a third sound is presented. 6.6. Friction rubs and their graphic recognition are described. 7.7. Systolic sounds are described including the so-called “ejection sound” and the latesystolic click. Their clinical meaning is indicated." @default.
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- W1569376187 date "1964-02-01" @default.
- W1569376187 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1569376187 title "Controversial and changing aspects of auscultation" @default.
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- W1569376187 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(64)90180-8" @default.
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