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• W1569388876 abstract "Central nervous system (CNS) HIV-1 infection can lead to encephalitis (HIVE), which compromises brain function and presents clinically as HIV-associated dementia [HAD, (Navia et al., 1986; Price et al., 1988; Wiley and Achim, 1994; Brew et al., 1995; Grant, 2008; Letendre et al., 2008; Price and Spudich, 2008)], the most serious form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders [HAND, (Grant, 2008; Letendre et al., 2008)]. HAND is associated with various cognitive, behavioral and motor dysfunctions [for details refer (Ances and Ellis, 2007; Grant, 2008)]. Although initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been linked to cognitive improvement and decreased incidence of HAD (Brodt et al., 1997; Sacktor et al., 1999; Foley et al., 2008), the yearly incidence rates for milder forms of HAND are still as high as 10-25% (Woods et al., 2009), and the prevalence of HAD is on the rise due to longer life expectancy of HIV-1-infected individuals (Lindl et al., 2010). The neuroinflammatory cascade associated with HAND, beginning with the infiltration of HIV-1-infected macrophages and immune activated microglial cells, likely reaches the endpoint of neurodegeneration via glial activation and changes in glial inflammatory responses (Kaul and Lipton, 2006). Reactive astrogliosis, the recruitment to and proliferation of astroglial cells at injury sites, is commonly observed during HIVE (Gonzales and Davis, 1988; Persidsky et al., 1996; Ridet et al., 1997; Wu and Schwartz, 1998; Petito et al., 1999). Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the CNS; and yet, their specific roles continue to be unraveled. Thus, characterization of molecules/pathways involving the activated astrocytes during HIVE and HAND, is of high interest. CD38 expression on peripheral T lymphocytes is a marker for disease progression in HIV-1infected patients (Savarino et al., 2000; Vigano et al., 2000; Kolber, 2008; Sinclair et al., 2008). CD38 is a 45-kD ectoenzyme involved in the synthesis of potent calcium(Ca2+) mobilizing agents, cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP+) (Heidemann et al., 2005b; Banerjee et al., 2008). CD38 expression has been detected both in neurons and astrocytes in the cerebral cortex (Mizuguchi et al., 1995; Yamada et al., 1997), while it is primarily expressed by astrocytes in culture (Pawlikowska et al., 1996). Our group has shown that CD38 is one of the most upregulated molecules in IL1-activated astroglial cells in vitro and is also expressed by astrocytes in HIVE brain tissues" @default.
• W1569388876 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1569388876 creator A5017897338 @default.
• W1569388876 creator A5073472235 @default.
• W1569388876 date "2011-12-09" @default.
• W1569388876 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W1569388876 title "Astrocyte CD38: Links to Neuroinflammation in HAND" @default.
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