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• W1569804539 abstract "We examined nest-site selection and nesting success of the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (TyrunnusforJicatus) on the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation Refuge, San Patricia County, Texas in 1992-1993. Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) comprised 22% of available shrubs; however, Scissor-tailed Flycatchers used shrubs out of proportion to their availability, placing 91% of their nests in mesquite. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher nests were placed in taller shrubs with less vertical cover and patchiness, with less total horizontal cover, and with greater heterogeneity than in random sites. The majority of nests were oriented to the northwest (18%), north (17%), and northeast (23%). Successful nests were in shrubs with less vertical patchiness and horizontal cover and with greater vertical cover (5 1 m) and horizontal heterogeneity than unsuccessful nests. Nest-site selection appeared to be a tradeoff between orienting nests to provide protection from abiotic factors while minimizing horizontal cover to allow sufficient visibility for nest defense. Received 7 April 1995, accepted 1 Dec. 1995. Nest-site selection is closely tied to fitness (Martin and Roper 1988) by influencing losses caused by predators and weather. Tyrant flycatchers (Tyruny1us spp.) breed later (Robins 1970) and have longer nesting cycles than most other open-nesting passerines. Except for three species of phoe- bes (Suyornis spp.), the Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus), and the Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), most flycatchers raise only one brood per year (Bent 1942, Robins 1970, Murphy 1989). Scis- sor-tailed Flycatchers (7'. forficatus) tend to have the largest clutch size among the tyrannids (Murphy 1989), slower growth rates for nestlings, and more time spent in the nest (Murphy 1988). Scissor-tails breed throughout the south-central United States, with the core nesting range being located in north-central Texas (Fitch 1950). Like other flycatchers, Scissor-tailed Flycatchers typically place nests in relatively conspicuous locations, often near the canopy edge (Bent 1942) and at heights ranging from 1.5 to 12.2 m (Fitch 1950). Scissor-tailed Flycatchers tend to forage and nest along roadways in open prairies dotted with few trees (Bent 1942). Use of roadways and ditches by mammalian predators may render Scissor-tailed Flycatcher nests more susceptible to predation as well as increasing the possibility of predation on adults while foraging. The in- herently greater diversity of snakes and avian predators in southern lati-" @default.
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• W1569804539 title "NESTING ECOLOGY OF SCISSOR-TAILED FLYCATCHERS IN SOUTH TEXAS" @default.
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