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• W1570229104 abstract "Abstract This chapter presents a novel experimental method for investigating the chronic actions of short-lived peptides in specific sites of the brain. This approach combines the advantages of three different techniques: liposomes encapsulation, site-specific microinjection and telemetry. First, liposomes can be designed to remain located at the injection site for a long period of time, where they protect encapsulated peptide from rapid degradation and act as a sustained release system. Second, microinjection allows the administration of peptides in specific sites of the brain with minimal side effects. Finally, using telemetry, it is possible to register physiological parameters and their circadian variations in undisturbed free-moving animals for several days. In order to validate this method, peptides of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) were used as a model. Previous studies have indicated that angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) and Ang II, two major RAS effectors, act as important neuromodulators at the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a brain area related to the tonic and reflex control of arterial blood pressure. However, microinjection of aqueous solution of these peptides into the RVLM of rats produced pressor effects for only few minutes, because of their rapid metabolism. Here, we report that microinjection of liposome-encapsulated Ang-(1–7) and Ang II unilaterally into the RVLM of Wistar rats elicited long-lasting cardiovascular actions for several days. The duration and intensity of these actions could be modulated through manipulation of liposome characteristics (membrane fluidity and surface, vesicle size and peptide-to-lipid ratio), the most prolonged effects being produced by pegylated, rigid and calibrated liposomes. Importantly, new physiological actions of Ang-(1–7) were unmasked: modulation of the circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate. It is felt that this method can be applied to a wide variety of short-lived bioactive substances and should encounter numerous applications in the field of neurosciences." @default.
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• W1570229104 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W1570229104 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1570229104 title "Chapter 2 Liposomes as a Tool for the Study of the Chronic Actions of Short-lived Peptides in Specific Sites of the Brain" @default.
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• W1570229104 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1554-4516(06)05002-2" @default.
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