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- W1570260351 abstract "This chapter discusses polarization phenomena and membrane fouling. In order to achieve a particular separation via a membrane process, the first step is to develop a suitable membrane. Membranes may differ significantly in structure and, consequently, in functionality. Roughly, the membranes can be classified in two main groups: porous membranes and nonporous membranes. Porous membranes can be found in microfiltration and ultrafiltration—membrane processes that are used to concentrate or purify dilute (aqueous) solutions. Microfiltration is used to reject particles in the range 0.05-10 μm whereas in the case of ultrafiltration the size of the components to be rejected is in the range 1-50 nm. The transport of solvent is directly proportional to the applied pressure and models that can be used to describe the convective flow are the Kozeny-Carman and the Hagen-Poissueille equations. Fouling may be defined as the irreversible deposition of retained particles, colloids, macromolecules, salts, etc., at the membrane surface or inside the membrane at the pore wall, which causes a continuous flux decline. Fouling occurs mainly in microfiltration/ultrafiltration where porous membranes are used, which is inherently susceptible to fouling. In the case of microfiltration the flux decline can reach values of more than 90% of the pure-water flux. The fouling behavior in microfiltration is much more complex compared with ultrafiltration." @default.
- W1570260351 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1570260351 creator A5045379455 @default.
- W1570260351 date "1995-01-01" @default.
- W1570260351 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W1570260351 title "Chapter 2 Polarization phenomena and membrane fouling" @default.
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- W1570260351 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-5193(06)80004-5" @default.
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