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- W1570440888 abstract "Publisher Summary Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs) depend on a supraspinal circuitry integrated in the caudal medulla. In humans, the spinal nociceptive flexion (RIII) reflex, whose threshold and amplitude are closely related to those of subjective pain perception, is inhibited in an intensity-dependent manner by heterotopic painful stimuli. On the basis of this methodology, which allows complementary experiments to be performed in animals and humans, it has been demonstrated in both rats and humans that DNICs are sustained by an anatomical spino-bulbo-spinal loop with an ascending part located in the anterolateral quadrant of the spinal cord. The chapter discusses a series of complementary experiments in animal models of inflammatory or neuropathic pain and in patients with chronic pain. The data indicate that both tonic and phasic descending systems exhibit functional plasticity during the development of chronic pain. The chapter presents a series of experiments in the rat with a monoarthritis of the ankle induced by an intraarticular injection of complete Freund adjuvant (CFA). These animals developed a circumscribed inflammation associated with hyperalgesia to movement or pressure applied to the inflamed articulation that can last several weeks. One major advantage of this model is that it allows direct comparison between the normal and arthritic ankle. Tonic-descending controls were analyzed, at both the acute and chronic stages of inflammation, by comparing the electrophysiological properties of lumbar spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons with ankle input before and after transection of the spinal cord at the cervical level." @default.
- W1570440888 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1570440888 creator A5033991909 @default.
- W1570440888 creator A5059775426 @default.
- W1570440888 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W1570440888 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W1570440888 title "Chapter 12 Investigation of brainstem: descending pain modulation in animals and humans" @default.
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