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- W1570462778 abstract "The cytoplasm of bacteria is surrounded by a cell envelope, which is composed of several layers. The inner layer, the cytoplasmic membrane, is in direct contact with the cytoplasm. It consists of a liquid-crystalline bilayer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. Exterior of the cytoplasmic membrane lies the cell wall, which is mainly composed of peptidoglycan, a network of polysaccharides cross linked by short peptides. In Gram-negative organisms, a third layer, the outer membrane, surrounds the cell wall. This outer membrane consists of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in which proteins are embedded. The functional properties of the three layers of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria are distinctly different. The cytoplasmic membrane is the main borderline between the cytoplasm and the cell's surroundings. It forms a diffusion barrier through which most solutes can pass only via specific translocation systems. Energy-transducing systems, such as electron-transfer systems and the ATPase complex are also located in this cytoplasmic membrane. The isolation of cytoplasmic membrane preparations, which form closed structures (membrane vesicles), retaining the functional properties of the cytoplasmic membrane in vivo. The availability of these vesicles opened the possibility to study translocation processes without the interference of cytoplasmic (or periplasmic) constituents. Experimental support for the chemiosmotic hypothesis led to the realization that energy-transducing electron transfer and ATPase systems are special forms of specific transport systems. This strongly influenced the perception of the transport phenomena and consequently led to new experimental approaches." @default.
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- W1570462778 date "1981-01-01" @default.
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- W1570462778 title "Chapter 10 Transport across bacterial membranes" @default.
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- W1570462778 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60038-1" @default.
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