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• W1570758168 abstract "Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem, with 2 billion people infected worldwide, and 350 million suffering from chronic HBV infection. Hepatitis B infection is the 10 leading cause of death worldwide, and results in 500,000 to 1.2 million deaths per year caused by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC accounts for 320000 deaths per year (1). The risk of perinatal HBV transmission is greater for infants born from women who are positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg. The risk ranges from 70 to 90% for infants born from mothers who are positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg, in contrast to the 10-40% risk in infants born from mothers who are positive for HBsAg but negative for HBeAg (2, 3). Comparatively, East Asia has been found to have a higher prevalence of HBeAg positive mothers and a greater risk of perinatal transmission from HBeAg positive mothers than sub-Saharan Africa (4). More than 20 years have elapsed since 1984, when vaccination against hepatitis B began, first with a plasma-derived vaccine and later a recombinant DNA-derived vaccine, and during this period important changes have taken place in several aspects of this disease; the acute and chronic infection rates, the mortality of fulminant hepatitis B in infants; and the incidence of HCC have been effectively reduced by approximately 25%. Vaccination during childhood has produced adequate protection for up to 20 years later (5). Safe and effective vaccines against HBV infection have been available since 1982. The implementations of mass immunization programs, which have been recommended by the World Health Organization since 1991, have dramatically decreased the incidence of HBV infection among infants, children, and adolescents in many countries (1). Vaccination alone did not induce immunity against hepatitis B in high-risk children (whose mothers are HBsAg positive) and it seems that routine screening of pregnant women is necessary for determining whether neonates need hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) after birth (6). On the other hand, with combination of HBV vaccine and HBIG in neonatal the chance of transmission can be avoided significantly, but not totally (7). We read with great interest the valuable article by Xiao et al. (8). The aim of this study was to explore the possible efficacy of using HBIG during the third trimester of pregnancy to prevent intrauterine transmission of HBV. A total of 469 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection, that consisted of 126 women with HBeAg positive (group 1) and 343 women with HBeAg negative (group 2) were evaluated. Ninety-five women in group 1 and 222 women in group 2 were treated with HBIG during the third trimester of pregnancy. All infants in each" @default.
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• W1570758168 date "2007-09-01" @default.
• W1570758168 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1570758168 title "What is the Reason for Poor Outcome of Antepartum Immunoprophylaxis of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin in Prevention of Vertical Hepatitis B Transmission" @default.
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