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- W1570762717 abstract "The Iranian revolution still appears to be a puzzle for theoretical approaches linking politicalinstability and/or violent conflict to the resource wealth of a country. It thereforeworks well as a case study for the purposes of this paper: to show the necessity of abroader approach to the resource‐violence link and to highlight the “context approach.”The focus is on the violence that accompanied the events preceding the revolution, andalso on the fact that this violence was mainly exercised by the rulers and—excluding theactivities of militant groups—only very randomly by the masses. Many relevant contextualconditions had an impact on the downfall of the shah’s regime: demographic (populationgrowth, urbanization) and cultural factors (religious tradition, national identity); thevivid memory of several historical events; the personal preferences of central actors—mainly both the shahs—which in combination brought the country to an impasse; and thereligious opposition to the regime. But upon closer examination, it becomes clear thatmany of those factors were influenced by resource;specific conditions such as the amountand the use of oil income, sudden oil-price drops, and external interference aimed mainlyat the domination of the oil sector. It was the specific interplay of these and other contextualconditions—as much resource;specific as general, and both within the country and onan international scale—that finally brought about the downfall of the regime.Irans Olreichtum: Stolz und Stolperstein fur das SchahregimeEine kontextsensible Analyse der ambivalenten Auswirkungen vonRessourcenreichtumDie iranische Revolution ist heute noch ein Ratsel fur theoretische Ansatze, die politischeInstabilitat und/oder gewaltsame Konflikte auf den Ressourcenreichtum eines Landes zuruckfuhren.An ihr wird die Notwendigkeit deutlich, die Verbindung zwischen Ressourcenreichtumund Gewalt in einem groseren Kontext zu sehen. Der Fokus des Artikels liegtauf der Gewalt, die die Ereignisse vor der Revolution begleitete. Mehrere Kontextbedingungenwaren dabei relevant, wie zum Beispiel demografische (Bevolkerungswachstum,Urbanisierung) und kulturelle Faktoren (religiose Traditionen, nationale Identitat). Auchdie kollektive Erinnerung an bestimmte historische Ereignisse und die personlichen Praferenzenzentraler Akteure – und hier vor allem beider Schahs – haben in ihrem spezifischenZusammenspiel das Land in eine Sackgasse und die religiose Opposition an die Macht gefuhrt.Die Untersuchung verdeutlicht, dass viele dieser Faktoren durch ressourcenspezifischeBedingungen beeinflusst wurden, wie z. B. die Menge und die Verwendungder Erdoleinnahmen, plotzliche Erdolpreissenkungen oder auch Einflussnahmen durchexterne Akteure, die vor allem auf die Kontrolle des Erdolsektors abzielten. Es war dasspezifische Zusammenspiel sowohl ressourcen‐spezifischer als auch allgemeiner Kontextbedingungen,innerhalb und auserhalb des Landes, die schlussendlich den Zusammenbruchdes Regimes herbei fuhrten und zur Gewaltanwendung beitrugen." @default.
- W1570762717 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1570762717 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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- W1570762717 title "Iran's Oil Wealth: Treasure and Trouble for the Shah's Regime - A Context-Sensitive Analysis of the Ambivalent Impact of Resource Abundance" @default.
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- W1570762717 doi "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1534588" @default.
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