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• W1570851461 abstract "It is this integration—the reduction in trade barriers between countries—that is explored in Beverly May Carl’s Economic Integration Among Developing Nations: Law and Policy. Professor Carl focuses on regional common market associations of developing nations, their benefits as well as their difficulties, and their utility as a means of reducing trade barriers and dependence on imports by nations from industrialized nations. Integration thus can be a tool for development, as the Commerce Clause of the Federal Constitution was for the nascent United States of America and still is today. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AMONG DEVELOPING NATIONS: LAW AND POLICY. By BEVERLY MAY CARL. New York, N.Y.: Praeger, 1986. xx + 285 pp. $42.95. ISBN 0-03005973-9. Reviewed by Richard A. Givens* The early success of the European Economic Community (EEC) boldly demonstrated the benefits of economic integration. Between 1959 and 1971, trade between the original six Member Countries increased nearly sixfold,' and by 1979 the expanded EEC accounted for 20 percent of total world trade.' It is this integration the reduction in trade barriers between countries that is explored in Beverly May Carl's Economic Integration Among Developing Nations: Law and Policy. Professor Carl focuses on regional common market associations of developing nations, their benefits as well as their difficulties, and their utility as a means of reducing trade barriers and dependence on imports by nations from industrialized nations. Integration thus can be a tool for development, as the Commerce Clause of the Federal Constitution was for the nascent United States of America and still is today. Professor Carl's work also contains much practical information and useful appendices that can be of assistance to those doing business in many areas of the Third World that have regional economic arrangements. One deficiency of the book is its treatment of the Sovietbloc Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) as if it were actually composed of entirely independent sovereign states: [s]ince COMECON operates on the theory of sovereign equality of its states, no measure may be adopted against * Member, Botein Hays & Sklar, New York City; LL.B., Columbia University 1959; M.S. in Economics, University of Wisconsin, 1954; Assistant U.S. Attorney, New York, 1961-1971; Regional Director, Federal Trade Commission, New York, 1971-1977. 1. B. BALASSA, TYPES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION 18 (World Bank Reprint Series No. 69, 1976). 2. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY GIST 3 (August 1979). 3. See Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Comm'n, 432 U.S. 333, 350 (1977); Task Force on Simplification, Report on the Commerce Clause of the Federal Constitution and Complex Regulation hIposing a Burden on Interstate Commerce, 58 N.Y. ST. B.J. 52 (1986). 132 FORDHAM INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 10:131 the of any concerned. 4 The book fails to discuss the implications of the coercion of the will of a member by the intervention of Soviet armed forces or threat of such intervention, as in the cases of Hungary in 1956, Czechoslovakia in 1968 and Poland in 198 1. 5 The primacy of self-promotion of political power by a ruling party6 over ordinary economic objectives creates further differences extending beyond those brought about by the non-market aspects of state management of economic enterprises. 7 The deeper question raised by Professor Carl is the extent to which the benefits of reducing trade barriers between developing nations can overcome economic and political difficulties attributed to disparities in the rate of development. To the degree that integration of the kind Professor Carl describes can overcome these difficulties, Third World nations with large populations or geographic extent already have an appreciable portion of that advantage. Perhaps Japan represents the most spectacular instance of a formerly lesser-developed nation moving into the forefront of industrialized nations.8 Yet few others have been able to emulate the Japanese example. And Japan, of course, was already a strongly industrialized nation by the end of the 1930's, as the United States discovered in 1941 and 1942. Japan today faces many of the problems of other industrialized nations such as difficulty in making affirmative efforts to protect its own environment 9 and in creating outlets for its 4. B. CARL, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AMONG DEVELOPING NATIONS: LAW AND POLICY 91 (1986). 5. Where force or threat of force cannot be brought to bear, a differing course of political and hence economic development occcurs. Yugoslavia and China, which separated themselves from the Soviet bloc, have had a different history from Poland" @default.
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