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- W1570986701 abstract "The research reported in this chapter describes our work on robot-assisted shopping for the blind. In our previous research, we developed RoboCart, a robotic shopping cart for the visually impaired (Gharpure, 2008; Kulyukin et al., 2008; Kulyukin et al., 2005). RoboCart's operation includes four steps: 1) the blind shopper (henceforth the shopper) selects a product; 2) the robot guides the shopper to the shelf with the product; 3) the shopper finds the product on the shelf, places it in the basket mounted on the robot, and either selects another product or asks the robot to take him to a cash register; 4) the robot guides the shopper to the cash register and then to the exit. Steps 2, 3, and 4 were addressed in our previous publications (Gharpure & Kulyukin 2008; Kulyukin 2007; Kulyukin & Gharpure 2006). In this paper, we focus on Step 1 that requires the shopper to select a product from the repository of thousands of products, thereby communicating the next target destination to RobotCart. This task becomes time critical in opportunistic grocery shopping when the shopper does not have a prepared list of products. If the shopper is stranded at a location in the supermarket selecting a product, the shopper may feel uncomfortable or may negatively affect the shopper traffic. The shopper communicates with RoboCart using the Belkin 9-key numeric keypad (See Fig. 1 right). The robot gives two types of messages to the user: synthesized speech or audio icons. Both types are relayed through a bluetooth headphone. A small bump on the keypad's middle key (key 5) allows the blind user to locate it. The other keys are located with respect to the middle key. In principle, it would be possible to mount a full keyboard on the robot. However, we chose the Belkin keypad, because its layout closely resembles the key layout of many cellular phones. Although the accessibility of cell phones for people with visual impairments remains an issue, the situation has been improving as more and more individuals with visual impairments become cell phone users. We hope that in the future visually impaired shoppers will communicate with RobotCart using their cell phones (Nicholson et al., 2009; Nicholson & Kulyukin, 2007). The remainder of the chapter is organized as follows. In section 2, we discuss related work. In sections 3, we describe our interface design. In section 4, we present our product selection algorithm. In section 5, we describe our experiments with five blind and five sighted, blindfolded participants. In sections 6, we present and discuss the experimental results. In section 7, we present our conclusions." @default.
- W1570986701 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1570986701 date "2009-12-01" @default.
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- W1570986701 title "User Intent Communication in Robot-Assisted Shopping for the Blind" @default.
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- W1570986701 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/6842" @default.
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