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• W1572879244 abstract "This study estimates alcohol attributable fractions which are used to obtain a measure of health expenditures related to alcohol misuse in Portugal. Methods and Sources: Studies estimating alcohol-attributable expenditures focus usually on specific diseases or conditions. This study takes a broader approach by examining all expenditures considered as being attributable to excessive drinking, i. e., those resulting from utilization directly and indirectly related to alcohol associated diseases. Unlike studies using the relative risk methodology, where population alcohol-attributable fractions (or etiologic fractions) are based on epidemiological studies identifying potential causes of death and disease associated with alcohol excessive consumption, this study has adopted the microeconometric methodology which gets estimates of attributable fractions running econometric regressions of the annual costs of medical care (medical appointments or hospital admissions) for individuals. It has an advantage over the risk approach in that it allows to control for the effect of factors other than alcohol consumption on medical care expenditures. Actually, it includes in the analysis those factors that are linked to health care expenditures but are not linked to any particular alcohol related disease. To perform our analysis we have used two data sets provided by the Portuguese Ministry of Health: the 1988 and 1995 National Health Surveys. These surveys provide detailed information on individual demographic, economic, health utilization, health attributes and also alcohol and smoking use. Both surveys use a probabilistic representative sample of the non-institutionalized Portuguese population and a questionnaire of about 180 questions. It is a representative sample of the five main administrative regions of Portugal (North, Centre, Lisbon and Tejo valley, Alentejo and Algarve). Results: Some of the preliminary results we have got for 1995 (we are working presently with 1988 data) are related with explanatory variables coefficient estimates and alcohol attributable fractions. The parameter estimates indicate that conditional on health care expenditures being positive, cancer, heart disease and blood pressure tend to increase health care expenditures. Furthermore, it appears that to have got long term incapacity and private insurance also affects positively health care expenditures. Regardless of other explanatory variables, it seems that individuals in the higher three income groups tend to spend more on health care than individuals in the lowest income group. Parameter estimates also show that individuals in the 50s, 60s and 70s tend to have more health care utilization than the first age group. As for health administrative regions, Centre and Lisbon regions tend to spend more on health care than the North region. On the contrary, Alentejo and Algarve regions tend to spend less than the North region. Moreover, parameter estimates of the dummy variables male and work in the last two weeks indicate that men tend to use less health care than women as well as those individuals who have referred to have worked in last two weeks. There is also an indication that there is a propensity for health care utilization to increase with number of days spent in the hospital as well with daily number of cigarettes smoked in the past. However, pure alcohol consumption tend to decrease health care utilization. We could also conclude that body mass index, exercise regularly and daily number of cigarettes smoked at the time of interview are not important determinants of health expenditures. In what concerns alcohol attributable fractions they were computed for gender and age categories. Males tend to have higher alcohol attributable fractions (ranging from 0.91 to 5.02) than females (ranging from 0.25 to 2.35). Alcohol aggregated fractions computed for males and females are 4.87 and 1.81, respectively." @default.
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• W1572879244 date "2008-09-01" @default.
• W1572879244 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1572879244 title "Alcohol attributable fractions and costs in Portugal" @default.
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