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• W1573190495 abstract "Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important and often life-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is usually first manifested as an increase in urinary albumin excretion (microalbuminuria), which progresses to overt albuminuria and then to renal failure (Mogensen et al., 1983). However, the EDIC/DCCT study showed that a significant number of patients develop renal insufficiency without the presence of microalbuminuria (Molitch et al., 2006). The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and type 2 DM as a co-morbid condition has increased continuously during the past decades (Ritz & Stefanski., 1996; Ritz & Orth., 1999a) and has been named a medical catastrophe of worldwide dimensions (Ritz et al., 1999b). Thus, the proportion of diabetic patients among patients with treated ESRD ranges between 12 and 95%, depending on nations and ethnicities investigated, with the majority (43-95%) usually being type 2 diabetic subjects (Ismail & Cornell, 1999). A similar increase in the incidence of ESRD secondary to DM has been demonstrated following analyses of the United States Renal Data System data (USRDS 2004 Annual Data Report). Between 1999 and 2003, diabetes was responsible for >44.8% of all new cases of ESRD in the United States. This increase could not be fully explained by changes in assignment of causes of ESRD, rising prevalence of DM, increased access to renal replacement therapy (RRT), increased acceptance of individuals with DM to ESRD programs, or increased survival of patients with DM (Jones et al., 2005). It has been suggested that external factors might be responsible for this growth in DN incidence. Although diabetes has long been identified as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk equivalent, only recently has chronic kidney disease (CKD) been more widely recognized as an independent risk factor for CVD and all-cause mortality (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, 2004; Levey et al., 2003; Weiner et al., 2004; Go et al., 2004). In a study of more than 1 million ambulatory adult patients, the risk of a cardiovascular event and death due to any cause increased at every level of CKD below a GFR of 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, with a nearly 3.5-fold increased risk of a cardiovascular event and a 6-fold increased risk of" @default.
• W1573190495 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1573190495 creator A5083020990 @default.
• W1573190495 creator A5091189748 @default.
• W1573190495 date "2012-03-16" @default.
• W1573190495 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1573190495 title "Diabetic Nephropathy: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor" @default.
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