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- W1573583999 abstract "Maintenance of the internal milieu, also called homeostasis, allows organisms to effectively adapt to a broad range of environmental conditions. In vertebrates, including fishes, this is achieved by a fine tuning of the endocrine responses through multiple feedback mechanisms to maintain hormonal changes within a certain range. The best documented examples of these feedback mechanisms are those exerted by a number of peripheral hormones on the hypothalamo–pituitary complex, for example sex steroids onto the reproductive axis, cortisol onto the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF)/adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) axis or insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) onto growth hormone (GH) production. This is achieved by expression in the brain and the pituitary of receptors to those peripheral hormones. Such mechanisms are particularly well understood in the context of the reproductive cycle and include well‐documented feedback effects of sex steroids on the neuroendocrine circuits controlling the reproductive axis. However, of equally crucial importance are the effects exerted by a number of metabolic hormones, such as insulin, IGF‐I, leptin and cortisol, onto the higher regulatory centers. These complex regulatory mechanisms and their cross‐talks are essential to ensure energy allocation between basal metabolism, reproductive events and stress responses, all of which are crucial for individual and species survival. This review aims at synthesizing the currently available information on the sites of expression of the receptors to sex steroids, corticoids, leptin, insulin, IGF‐I and thyroid hormone receptors in the brain of fish. It also aims at providing information, when available, on the relationships between those receptors and the neuroendocrine circuits controlling the pituitary." @default.
- W1573583999 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1573583999 creator A5084576649 @default.
- W1573583999 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W1573583999 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1573583999 title "Chapter 2 Endocrine Targets of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary" @default.
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