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• W1574009061 abstract "The recent literature on labeling in mental retardation is reviewed and a conceptual scheme based on Scheff s model is presented for future study of the labeling problem. The issue of the medicalization or demedicalization of mental retardation is discussed in light of P.L. 94-142. Since the 1960s, legislators, administrators, edu­ cators, clinicians, parents, and others, have shown much concern for the harmful effects of labeling a mentally retarded individual. An intensive review of the literature on this problem leads to much confusion. For the clinician, labeling is part of the diagnostic procedure. Diagnosis is often dependent on the proposed or actual disposition of the case and be­ comes more accurate when treatment procedures are available and tested. As treatment procedures are proven, more diagnoses seem to be made allowing the procedures to be used. Diagnostic re­ liability is strongly related to the severity of dis­ order with diagnostic reliability increasing as symptomatology is more evident and specified: the diagnosis of severely and profoundly mentally re­ tarded individuals is very accurate; in moderate mental retardation diagnoses the reliability begins to decline; and, for mild mental retardation diag­ nostic reliability is very low. Mercer (1973) has pre­ sented evidence suggesting that mild retardation labels are inappropriately applied to many minority low income children. In these instances diagnostic reliability appears directly related to socio- economic status. A clinical diagnosis differs from a research diag­ nosis. The latter is the collection of information on a sample of people with classification playing a part. Researchers often define a disorder being studied and diagnose the sample respondents on the basis of an objective series of criteria (Rowitz 1974a). Actually, researchers in mental retardation use clinical diagnosis in studies of treated prevalence or service use. Research diagnosis is used in many community surveys. Labeling occurs in both in­ stances; however, its meaning differs in each of the previous examples. Much discussion of mental retardation labeling relates to the attachment of a deviant tag or status to an individual whose behavior does not appear" @default.
• W1574009061 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1574009061 date "1981-04-01" @default.
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• W1574009061 title "A sociological perspective on labeling in mental retardation." @default.
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