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• W1574253261 abstract "Hybrid onion seed production is popular throughout the world. Production inAustralia is small by world standards but with significant potential forexpansion due to availability of suitable production sites and the counterseasonalproduction to Northern Hemisphere producers. Variable and oftenvery low seed yield from inbred parent lines has been identified as asignificant problem limiting expansion of hybrid onion seed production. Thisthesis investigated the issue using the weak inbred male sterile onion parentalline ON019A used in hybrid seed production by Enza Zaden Australia PtyLtd as a model system. ON019A is prone to poor seed yield, typically lessthan 0.5 g/plant but has produced yields up to 8 g I plant at some sites. Thetypical low yields of this line coupled with potential for much higher yieldsunder certain circumstances make this a useful line for identifying andstudying the processes contributing to low yield in inbred male sterile onionparent lines. The project had two broad objectivesi) to identify the cause of the variability in seed yield between onioncrops andii) to improve the seed yield by developing commercially applicablemanagement practices.The research initially focussed on pollination as seed industry representativeshad suggested that insufficient pollination may be the primary cause of lowyields; failure of hand pollinated flowers to set seeds confirmed thatpollination was not a significant contributor to low seed yield. Observation offlowers during the supplemental hand pollination experiments identified twoclasses of flowers; a) flowers with fully extended stigma (>4 mm long) andopen petals; and b) flowers in which the stigma extended less ( <2 mm long)and petals did not fully open. Whilst flowers with fully extended stigmas setseed after hand pollination, flowers in which the stigma only extended to 2 mm did not. This observation led to the hypothesis that abortion of theflower before anthesis was the primary cause of poor seed set in ONO 19 A.Evidence supporting the flower _abortion hypothesis was gained inexperiments comparing flower development in ON019A with other higheryielding inbred lines ON013A and ON0138A together with Kingswood anopen pollinated pollinator line. Experiments then focussed on cropmanagement practices to manipulate flower development of ONO 19 A; theseincluded mother bulb characteristics (timing of lifting, bulb size, bulb storagetemperature), planting date, crop nutrient status, irrigation management,application of plant hormone and anti-transpirant sprays.The results suggested that the size of bulb had a significant effect on flowerdevelopment with large sized bulbs having a reduced flower abortionpercentage and increased seed yield. A single late application (at the 60%piping stage) of gibberellic acid (GA3) at 450 ppm also improved the seedyield and reduced the flower abortion percentage. While improvements inseed yield through reduced rates of flower abortion occurred in the large bulbsize and GA3 application treatments in most trials, significant variabilityexisted between production locations in the size of the response. It wasconcluded that site specific environmental conditions could interact with bulbsize and GA3 application treatments and affect the seed yield.Subsequent experiments on irrigation and protection of plants fromconditions that favoured high transpiration rates under glasshouse conditionsrevealed a reduction in flower abortion and an increase in the seed yieldfollowing the application of an anti-transpirant together with frequentirrigation. The percentage of flower abortion was low and seed yield perplant high in all treatments under glasshouse conditions, again suggesting an environmental influence on flower abortion. Under field conditions protecting umbels with wind breaks resulted in a lowpercentage of flower abortion and comparatively high seed yields (up to 5g/plant) in the low vigour inbred ON019A line.Improvement in seed yield from the inbred male sterile line ON019A can bemade through careful production site selection, use of wind breaks duringflowering, use of large mother bulbs, strategic application of gibberellic acidand anti-transpirants. There is a good opportunity to increase the onion seedproduction in Australia particularly with further research focussing onunderstanding the effects of environmental conditions at different locationsand refinement of management techniques to overcome the flower abortionproblem and to improve reliability of seed yields." @default.
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• W1574253261 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W1574253261 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1574253261 title "Characterisation and management of flower abortion in inbred male sterile onion parental line ON019A" @default.
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