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• W1574453725 abstract "4 Analysis of the Flight Management and Safety Survey 5 Method 22 Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Continuous Variables 22 Table 2 Descriptive Statistics of Categorical Variables ....... 22 Results 26 Table 3 Fit Indices for Proposed 4 Factor FMASS Model 27 Table 4 Standardized Factor Loadings for FMASS Items ..... 27 Table 5 Fit Indices for 3 Factor Model 29 Table 6 Fit Indices for Modified FMASS Model .... 30 Figure 1 Best Fitting Model of FMASS 31 Table 7 Rotated Pattern Matrix for EFA of FMASS 33 Table 8 Rotated Pattern Matrix for Four Factor EFA 35 Discussion 37 References 52 Appendix A 57 Appendix B Inter-Item Correlation Table 61 Appendix C Tests for Group Effects 66 Analysis of the FMASS 4 Abstract Analysis of the Flight Management Attitudes and Safety Survey by Bernadette Gatien, October 2004. The Flight Management Attitudes and Safety Survey (FMASS) (Sexton, Helmreich, Wilhelm & Merritt, 2001) is one of the most widely used measures of pilot safety attitudes in research and applied settings. Previous research has shown that earlier versions of the FMASS, (CMAQ and FMAQ) are reliable and valid measures of flight management attitudes. However there does not appear to be any independent research conducted on the psychometric properties of the FMASS. The current study assessed the reliability and validity of the FMASS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the FMASS, using data from a sample of Canadian airline pilots. Results indicated the data were not able to confirm the proposed factor structure. In addition, results showed poor internal consistency. The results of the current study indicated that more research is needed on the psychometric properties. Analysis of the FMASS 5 Analysis of the Flight Management and Safety Survey Human factors play a significant role in safety of employees in various high reliability occupations and industries including nuclear power, offshore oil and aviation (Yule, 2003). Ihgh reliability occupations are defined as those, which operate in extremely dangerous and high-risk environments with consistent safe performance (Roberts, 1993). The study of human factors has been instrumental in developing our understanding of human error as a causal factor in organizational disasters, accidents, as well as iiijury and illness rates. There are various different factors that contribute to accidents such as job characteristics (e.g. physical workload), equipment, work environment, and personal characteristics (Wickens, Gordon & Liu, 1998). Personal characteristics include aspects that are physical and psychological. One specific psychological characteristic that is studied and researched in relation to human error and accidents is attitudes towards safety (Wickens, Gordon & Liu, 1998). Research on attitudes towards flight management safety has contributed greatly to our understanding of how and why aviation accidents occur. One way that attitudes towards flight safety are studied is via questiormaires or surveys. The most commonly used measure of flight safety attitudes is the Flight Management Attitudes Questionnaire (FMAQ) (Helmreich & Merritt, 1998) and its variants. The Flight Management Attitudes and Safety Survey (FMASS) (Sexton, Wilhelm, Helmreich, Merritt, & Klinect, 2001) is one of the newest versions of the FMAQ and is currently used in the industry as an attitude assessment and training evaluation tool. Previous research on the development and psychometric properties of the FMASS is hmited and as such, the purpose of the Analysis of the FMASS 6 current study is to examine the reliability and validity of the measure. In order to fully understand how attitudes are related to flight aviation safety some background information on aviation safety, accidents and the evolution of the study of human error and attitudes is provided. Aviation Sa/ety During the late 1970's, researchers at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began to investigate the exact nature of accidents within aviation. In the United States the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) followed NASA's lead and started investigating the human error played in all aviation accidents. Investigators examined how pilot behaviour within the cockpit was related to the number of aviation accidents. Until that time, the focus on improving flight safety was on technical aspects of flight such as working with equipment and improving technical skills. Investigators from NASA's Ames Research Center stepped away from the traditional process of looking at the human and interface design problems and began to investigate the behavioural interactions between pilots (Helmreich & Foushee, 1993). Information on pilot behaviour within the cockpit was gathered using a structured interview developed by BiUings, Lauber, and Cooper (Helmreich & Foushee, 1993). The interview was designed to gather speciGc information from pilots about how crews operated and the types of errors pilots made (Helmreich & Foushee, 1993). During this time, a different group of researchers were investigating the causes of flight accidents that occurred between 1968 and 1976. They found that pilot error was primarily the result of breakdowns in two specihc areas, team communication and coordination (Helmreich & Analysis of the FMASS 7 Foushee, 1993). Specifically, problems also arose in areas such as workload management, task delegation, situation awareness, leadership, using available resources including crewmembers and the use of manuals. A number of problems related to the building and maintenance of effective team relationships also became apparent (Helmreich & Foushee, 1993). Break downs in these areas lead researchers to investigate the non-technical skills required as part of safe flight management." @default.
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• W1574453725 title "Analysis of the Flight Management Attitudes and Safety Survey" @default.
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