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• W1574758469 abstract "A growing number of studies have shown that major changes are occurring in the composition of fisheries production worldwide. Selective fishing pressure on more highly valued components of fish communities leading to their overexploitation/depletion, and the effects of such pressure within the food web, are among the key factors proposed to explain these changes. Under de facto open access conditions, it is suggested that sequential over-harvesting of higher valued fish and/or fish species leads to modifications in the structure of both fish communities and fisheries landings at various scales. A central assumption here is that large, slow-growing, late reproducing, low fecundity, predator species are more highly valued, while at the same time, they are more sensitive to fishing mortality than small, fast-growing, early-reproducing, prey species, often lesser valued. Changes in the physical environment of fish stocks, in particular in the context of global warming, can also impact population distribution areas and population dynamics (recruitment, growth, reproduction, and mortality), hence the structure of fish assemblages and of landings derived from their exploitation. This has also recently been proposed as a driver of changes in fish communities, which can interact with the effects of fishing. This chapter presents key results obtained from an integrated analysis of the role of ecological and economic drivers on long-term modifications in the structure of fisheries production, and the potential economic impacts of these changes at the scale of large marine ecosystems. The analysis focused on trends observed in the landings of French fishing fleets over the last three decades. Landings series were considered at various scales, ranging from the entire fish production derived by French vessels from the Northeast Atlantic to the production of selected fish species harvested in the Bay of Biscay. Changes in the composition of landings were described, and compared to changes observed from scientific surveys carried out at sea in the same areas during the same period, and the potential drivers of these changes were analysed. The research showed that part of the changes observed in the composition of landings may be related to modifications of the components of marine ecosystems exploited by fishing fleets. These modifications, due to both direct and ecosystems effects of fishing, are re-enforced by climate change. Modifications of species availability, along with changes in fishing patterns under de facto “regulated open access” conditions, led to significant changes in the structure of landings. This contributed to the reduction in the value of production by French fleets, as a larger proportion of low-priced fish was landed in the later years of the study period. Other factors explaining the reduced production value in recent years include the drop in volumes landed, and increased international competition in fish marketing conditions in Europe, leading to a decrease in first sale prices." @default.
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• W1574758469 date "2011-03-11" @default.
• W1574758469 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W1574758469 title "Fishing the Food Web" @default.
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• W1574758469 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444392241.ch5" @default.
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