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• W1575369487 abstract "A seca, o calor e a salinidade são fatores limitantes da lavoura em uma parcela significativa de nosso planeta, locais de clima extremo onde apenas plantas adaptadas são capazes de sobreviver. Porém, quais são os genes de vegetais determinantes desta capacidade de sobrevivência? Com o advento da genômica e da transcriptômica novos mecanismos vêm sendo revelados, contrariando alguns pressupostos previamente existentes. O presente trabalho comenta as principais famílias gênicas associadas à seca e à salinidade em angiospermas, enfatizando o potencial que a flora nativa apresenta para a prospecção de novos genes capazes de contribuir para a geração de plantas que – mesmo não sendo completamente adaptadas ao clima Semiárido, como aquelas nativas desse ambiente – devem apresentar melhor adaptação a períodos inesperados ou mais longos de seca durante seu cultivo, ou mesmo sob níveis moderados de salinidade. Neste contexto, algumas categorias gênicas merecem atenção, à luz dos avanços atualmente existentes na transcriptômica, compreendendo principalmente osmoprotetores, fatores de transcrição, canais de água, LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant), proteínas dependentes de ABA (ácido abscísico), proteínas de choque térmico, proteínas transportadoras, fosfolipases C, proteínas de desintoxicação, chaperonas e proteínas receptoras. Porém, a maioria dos estudos têm se baseado em plantas-modelo ou plantas amplamente cultivadas, havendo necessidade de estudos em plantas nativas de ambientes extremos, como a Caatinga nordestina, o cerrado e os campos rupestres, os quais certamente abrigam um grande número de variantes destes genes e provavelmente também de novos genes importantes para o melhoramento e a biotecnologia vegetal. Palavras-chave: Estresse abiótico, transcriptoma, biotecnologia, tolerância. Exploration of Genes for Resistance to Drought and Salinity in Native and Cultivated Plants ABSTRACT Drought, heat and salinity are limiting factors of crop production in a significant portion of our planet, extreme regions where only adapted plants are able to survive. But what are the determinant genes of plant survivability? With the advent of genomics and transcriptomics new findings have been revealed, some of them confronting previous assumptions. The present work comments on the major gene families related to drought and salinity in angiosperms, emphasizing the potential of the native flora for the discovery of new genes that may contribute to the generation of plants – maybe not fully adapted to the semi-arid climate as native plants – but presenting a better adaptation to unexpected or longer periods of drought during cultivation, or even moderate levels of salinity. In this context, some gene categories deserve a special attention in the light of the current advances in transcriptomics, comprising osmoprotetors, transcription factors, water channels, LEA (Late embryogenesis abundant), protein-dependent ABA (abscisic acid), heat shock proteins, transport proteins, phospholipase C, detoxification proteins, chaperones and receptor proteins. However, most studies have been based on model plants or plants widely grown, with an existing need to study native plants in extreme environments, such as the Brazilian ;Caatinga”, the “cerrados” and “campos rupestres” which certainly harbor a large number of variants of these genes and probably new genes important for plant breeding and biotechnology. Key-words: Abiotic stress, transcriptomics, biotechnology, tolerance." @default.
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• W1575369487 date "2012-03-21" @default.
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• W1575369487 title "Prospecção de Genes de Resistência à Seca e à Salinidade em Plantas Nativas e Cultivadas (Exploration of Genes for Resistance to Drought and Salinity in Native and Cultivated Plants)" @default.
• W1575369487 doi "https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i6.232764" @default.
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