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• W1578935812 abstract "Abstract The construction sector has the largest number of unorganised labourers in India next only to agricultural sector. Women form half the workforce and by choice or by design they are not allowed to acquire specific skills that may enable them to become masons. Women join as unskilled workers and remain unskilled till the end of their working life span. However, men get training and systematically upgrade their construction skills to graduate as masons, supervisors and contractors. A study was conducted on the career progress of 440 men construction workers and 440 women construction workers and 51 building contractors to find out the reasons why women in the construction sector were not able to acquire skills for masonry work and how they could be trained to become masons. The findings of the study show that there is an inherent gender bias against women and also the shared general belief that women construction workers are unfit to be trained informally like men in the construction sector even though they have the necessary skills, capability and desire to become masons. Though the contractors are willing to accept women as masons by giving them training and placement in the construction sector, it has been found, the social forces that have perpetuated the concept of women as inferior workers are inimical to any such move. This study also analyses the methodology of training offered to men in the construction sector in India and proposes a new methodology of training that would qualify women construction workers to become masons and empower them economically. Keywords: Construction, Women Workers, Masons, Tamil Nadu, India Introduction Construction sector is the world's largest industrial employer with seven per cent of total world employment and 28 per cent of industrial employment (Improving Working and Living Conditions in Construction, 2004, p.3). Construction activity is an integral part of a country's infrastructure and industrial development. In India, the construction sector is the largest employer of unorganised labour next to agricultural sector (Laskar & Murty, 2004). The contribution of construction sector in India to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) at factor cost in 2006-07 was Rupees 1,965,550 million, registering an increase of 10.7% from the previous year and the share of construction in GDP has increased from 6.1% in 2002-03 to 6.9% in 2006-07 (Government of India, 2008b, p.239). Around 16 per cent of the India's working population depends on building construction for its livelihood and the Indian construction industry today employs about 31 million people and creates assets worth over Rupees 200,000 million (India infra guru, 2008; Government of India, 2008a, p.189) annually. However, the construction industry in India is facing a huge shortage of manpower, especially those with skill-sets to sustain the rapid growth in infrastructure and housing sectors. The strength of skilled workforce in construction has dwindled substantially from 15.34% in 1995 to 10.57% in 2005, whereas relative proportions of unskilled workers have gone up from 73.08% in 1995 to 82.45% in 2005 (Government of India, 2008b, p.240) and it is a clear indicator that there is a great demand for skilled workers in the construction sector. To make up this shortage, it becomes imperative to convert semi-skilled or unskilled women workers into skilled workers. It is a recorded fact that outside the agricultural sector, a significant and gradually increasing proportion of women workers are engaged in the construction sector (Shah, 2002). It is estimated that more than half of the 31 million construction workers in India are women (Government of India, 2008a, p.189). Women are employed in semi-skilled and sometimes in skilled jobs in other industries but in the construction industry women are employed mostly as unskilled laborers (Jhabvala & Kanbur, 2002, p.7; Baruah, 2008, p. …" @default.
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• W1578935812 date "2009-10-01" @default.
• W1578935812 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W1578935812 title "A Study on the Empowerment of Women Construction Workers as Masons in Tamil Nadu, India" @default.
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