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• W1579668279 abstract "If you were asked to blurt out the first few words that popped into your head in response to the words work, and what would you say? The answer to that question tells us something about the current state of our culture, the law, and legal scholarship on gender, work, and the law. If we take the topics of the fine collection of articles published in this volume as an answer to the question, the words blurted out would be something like women, children, discrimination, working time, and sex. If you asked the same person to identify the biggest barriers to gender equality at work, you might generate a similar list. It is perhaps no surprise that the things that define women and work are the things that have proved to be the most resistant to the legal changes brought about by the long struggles of twentieth-century feminism. Digging deeper into the insights produced by the scholars whose work you hold in your hands (or can read on the screen), we see both the social transformation that the law has wrought in the area of gender in the workplace, but also how resistant social norms and economic inequality are to change through the law. Four decades after the enactment of Title VII, American law continues to imagine that children and sex shape and constrain the role of women at work but not the role of men. In the legal imagination, children and sex have always been crucial in defining the nature and significance of gender. Children and sex play a dual role in constructing the law's vision of gender: they are sometimes seen as necessary to, and sometimes as constraints on, women's ability to achieve economic parity with men, psychic peace for themselves, and respect and status in their social interactions. Notwithstanding the ambitions of twentieth-century feminism and legal liberalism, both of which held that law reform could transform society, redistribute power, and reshape the human psyche by eliminating bias, law's vision of women and work has maintained a stable core since industrialization and the ideology of middle--and upper-class domesticity and a separate women's sphere developed in the nineteenth century. That is, law imagines a fundamental conflict between women's wage work and a healthy family life, whereas men's wage work is regarded as the foundation of family. Moreover, law has not fundamentally changed its heteronormative view that sex is a dangerously destabilizing force in the workplace and that women introduce sex to a workplace that could otherwise shut it out. The articles in this volume illuminate the many facets of and deep structure of the law's vision of the gendered culture of work. It is noteworthy that in a volume on the theme of women and work, all the articles address, in one form or another, one of two topics: children and sexuality. The authors acknowledge the desire of many women to find fulfillment through family and to express (but control) their bodies and sexuality, yet the articles also illustrate the myriad ways that women's bodies and children have been and remain sources of gender subordination. The challenge for contemporary legal reform is to negotiate an accommodation between these conflicting tendencies. On the question of whether or to what extent law should force work to accommodate family, the articles reveal a profound conflict over whether accommodation will enable women to achieve equality in the workplace or will increase financial incentives for firms to avoid hiring women and perpetuate the notion that work-life conflicts are a women's issue. Reading deeper in them, one can see some doubts over whether an ideology of accommodation will in fact be a barrier to equality. In addressing the question of the law's role in accommodating work to family life (or vice versa), one must consider whether a legal and political demand that work accommodate family reinforces a gender stereotype or changes it. Theresa Gabaldon and Nicole Porter both remind us that America is currently in an era in which children are ascendant. …" @default.
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• W1579668279 date "2006-03-22" @default.
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• W1579668279 title "Foreword: Looking for a Miracle? Women, Work, and Effective Legal Change" @default.
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