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• W1581253699 abstract "This thesis analyses the extent and forms of class relationsin the Soviet Union. The theoretical approach adopted to theanalysis 'of the Soviet class structure is based on a critique ofthe classical Marxist approach to class, as well as of commonsociological approaches to class, particularly the Weberianconception of class. These issues are the concern of theIntroduction, which outlines an alternative approach to classstructure based on a conception of relations of production whichdiffers from the classical Marxist approach, particularly inavoiding any reliance on the labour theory of value for definingrelations of production and hence for demarcating class boundaries.Chapter One provides an outline of developments in the Sovietrural class structure in the 1920s, and by criticising commonconceptions of such developments argues that the strategy ofsocialist transformation adopted in the policy of forcedcollectivisation was economically unnecessary and politicallydisastrous. The purpose of this Chapter is to throw thecontemporary class structure of the Soviet Union into historicalrelief, by indicating the historical context out of which manycontemporary features of the Soviet Union developed. It ishoped that this will indicate that many features of the contemporarysocial structure are historically specific, rather than beingnecessary features of a state socialist society.Following from this, the analysis of relations of productionin the 1960s and 1970s is begun in Chapter Two, where the relationsbetween different kinds of economic agents, particularly collectiveeconomic agents (economic units) are examined, using the approachdeveloped in the Introduction to analyse the relations of productionas relations between economic agents, which affect the relativeeconomic capacities of agents. It is argued that, because such capacities are always subject to change through processes ofstruggle and negotiation, an important but hitherto ratherneglected aspect of the relations ,of production concerns thepolicies of economic agents. Consequently, the manner in whichagents at various levels in the economy calculate both their owninternal state and the course of action which they adopt withrespect to other agents is subjected to detailed scrutiny inthis Chapter.Chapter Three analyses the legal and political conditionsof the relations of production, since in the Soviet Union sucheconomic relations are operative primarily between state agencies,or collective agencies whose relations to the state agencies arelegally and politically regulated by the state. Consequently,the issue of the 'withering away of the state' with the declineof private property is considered, as well as various commonWestern conceptions of Soviet politics. Following on from this,the analysis of politics in terms of a series of 'arenas ofstruggle' is proposed, and in the light of this approach thecapacities of the main central party and state agencies toregulate the economy (and hence to determine the relations ofproduction by implementing effective economic plans) is reviewed.The conclusion from this review is that there are serious limits on the capacity of such central party and state agents toco-ordinate the division of labour, so that theories of anall-powerful totalitarian party or elite dominating Sovietpolitics and the economy are misguided. Nevertheless, it isargued that there is sufficient central control of the stateagencies for one to be able to say that various state agenciesdo not pursue autonomous objectives. In other words, politicalrelations between state agencies are not such as to precludesocialist planning of the overall economy.Chapter Four examines welfare and social policy as a meansof assessing the importance of non-wage forms of income, andconcludes that the overall effect of such forms of publicexpenditure is probably, as intended, to equalise incomes.This point is taken up again in Chapter Five, where the occupationalstructure and wage differentials are examined, prior to an overallassessment of the distribution of income, which concludes that apolicy of income equalisation has been pursued fairly successfullyover the past twenty-five years or so. While such a policy maynow be running into difficulties of various kinds, in so far asit has been successfully pursued, it has meant that the connectionbetween the distribution of income and the access of agents to themeans of production has been partially undermined. Hence classrelations have been seriously weakened in the Soviet Union, andit is concluded that they are non-existent within the state sectorof the economy. However, this does not mean that there is no class structure in the Soviet Union since collective farm membersare still in a different class position from state employees.There may also be capitalist relations in the so-called 'paralleleconomy' but their extent must be severely limited by the officialprohibitions on such activities which means that, if resources arediverted from official purposes, this is largely done on anindividual 'self-employed' basis. It is also argued that the'intelligentsia' cannot be considered as a single, separate stratumfrom the state employed 'working class' or the collective farmmembers. Consequently, the official theory of the Soviet classstructure must be considered to be seriously deficient." @default.
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• W1581253699 date "1981-01-01" @default.
• W1581253699 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W1581253699 title "Class structure and production relations in the U.S.S.R." @default.
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