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- W158198715 abstract "Concentrations of fluoride (F) in raw CS water at Fairview suited to chemical amendment, or use in land amendment irrigation, currently exceed regulatory guidelines of 2 mg/L. To irrigate this water under a general beneficial use approval or the current Fairview environmental authority, Santos GLNG is required to undertake an environmental risk assessment in accordance with ANZECC (2000). We investigated adsorption and desorption of F using Red Kandosol IR5, Yellow Kandosol IR8, Red Vertosol IR6, Brown Vertosol IR6 and Brown Chromosol IR8 from Fairview. The results indicated that up to 60 ML/ha coal seam (CS) water with a concentration of 0.316 mM F (6 mg/L) could be applied before F exceeded the critical threshold concentration of 2 mg/L in drainage water at 0.7 m depth for all soils. Plant uptake of F from Red Vertosol, Red Kandosol, and Yellow Kandosol containing less than 6 mg/L F in the soil solution, resulted in tissue concentrations below 35 mg/kg dry matter, considered the safe level for young beef cattle and horses. Soils with a high native F concentration (Brown Vertosol) or low F sorption capacity (sand) were less suitable for irrigation. In these soils, the mobile and plant available F concentration exceeded thresholds when water with a high F concentration or large irrigation volumes were applied. Of the three crop species tested (lucerne, Rhodes grass and leucaena), lucerne accumulated the most F in forage on Red and Yellow Kandosol but not on Red Vertosol. We suggest that the accumulation of F was due to plant root uptake of Al-F complexes by lucerne, but not by the other two crops. The highest risk of F moving from a CS water irrigation area into the broader environment is posed by eroded soil particles transporting adsorbed F." @default.
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- W158198715 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W158198715 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W158198715 title "Managing environmental risk of fluoride in coal seam water irrigation systems" @default.
- W158198715 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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