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• W158314618 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION For the United States, the conclusion of new GATT(1) trade agreements in December 1993 is the first, albeit major, step toward their implementation here. While the Constitution empowers the President to conduct the foreign affairs of the United States and thus to speak with one voice for the country at the negotiating table,(2) it also authorizes Congress to regulate trade with foreign nations.(3) To bring U.S. law into conformity with the new obligations of the United States, the President must submit a bill to implement the new GATT agreements. The bill will be considered under procedures, which preclude amendments and ensure action by the House of Representatives and Senate on a fixed timetable.(4) Since the conclusion of negotiations in Geneva, Congressional debate on the implementing bill likely will not be as divisive and controversial as the recent debate on the bill to implement the North American Free Trade Agreement.(5) Passage currently is considered likely,(6) and the only question is the content of the bill. Even if the bill is assured of passage, Congressional debate will be lively on several issues, particularly on the effect of new dispute settlement rules on the use of a key U.S. trade remedy, section 301,(7) to achieve remaining U.S. negotiating objectives bilaterally or unilaterally. This article analyzes the arguments on both sides of the debate. II. BACKGROUND With the near closure, at long last, of the Uruguay Round multilateral trade negotiations,(8) the next step for the United States is legislative implementation of the agreements achieved. The President notified Congress on December 15, 1993 of his intention to enter into agreements,(9) and he signed them on April 15, 1994.(10) These actions entitle him to submit a bill to implement the agreements under fast track procedures,(11) which preclude amendments that would unravel the package and provide for relatively expeditious voting by the House of Representatives and Senate. The prevailing view is that the bill the President submits will be enacted.(12) The emotional controversy that dogged debate on the North American Free Trade Agreement is not expected to impede the Uruguay Round bill. First, there is more at stake here, i.e. trade with the entire world (the too big to kill theory). Second, NAFTA opponents, who are likely to have serious objections to Uruguay Round agreements as well, are expected to be less willing to risk another major political loss. Third, and perhaps most important, the President and his Administration are expected to make the case for the Uruguay Round early and often, as compared to their substantial delay in promoting the NAFTA. Despite the inevitable shortcomings and imperfections, the agreements' one-third reduction of worldwide texes(13) and progress in opening markets enable the President to claim credibly that Americans and others around the globe are better off with these agreements than without them. Even if the implementing legislation is doomed to succeed, a major debate will arise over its contents. U.S. law must be amended to enable the United States to conform with the obligations established in the agreements. For example, the U.S. antidumping and countervailing duty laws require amendments to facilitate compliance with the new agreements on Implementation of Article VI (Antidumping) and on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.(14) However, every fast track bill enacted to date(15) contained provisions that were unnecessary to implement the agreement concerned, but nonetheless were useful to obtain the votes needed for passage.(16) In the bill to implement the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement,(17) for example, the Administration agreed in advance to accept the provisions worked out in a consultative process with Congress, provided they are consistent with the Agreement and its implementation and are appropriate to carrying out its fundamental purposes. …" @default.
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• W158314618 date "1994-06-22" @default.
• W158314618 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W158314618 title "The Post-Uruguay Round Future of Section 301" @default.
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