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- W158513338 abstract "I. Introduction If ever one man made Article III justiciability doctrines look good, it was Michael Newdow. Everyone hated his case.1 Conservatives hated the Ninth Circuit's decision in Newdow v. United States Congress2 that the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment bars schoolteachers from leading students in the Pledge of Allegiance.3 Liberals did not like the case either. On the one hand, they shuddered at the thought that the Supreme Court might affirm, thereby handing the Republicans a magnificent campaign issue just months before the 2004 presidential election.4 On the other hand, a reversal would take one more chip out of the wall of separation between church and state.5 A great sigh of relief greeted the Supreme Court's actual decision-Newdow lacked standing to sue.6 Traditional opponents of constraints on justiciability suddenly recognized their virtues. The liberal Washington Post, while conceding that dismissing a case on standing grounds always has the feel of a cop-out, opined that standing doctrine serves a vital function in the U.S. judicial system, particularly in constitutional challenges to laws and government policies.7 The paper said that [i]nsisting that the courts refrain from considering such matters unless someone with a clear stake in them objects is one of the central checks against overly broad judicial power.8 This Article examines these assertions. Do standing doctrine and justiciability constraints more generally really serve a vital function in the U.S. judicial system? Are they among the central checks against overly broad judicial power? In fact, this Article suggests, justiciability doctrines-particularly standing doctrine-pose a riddle. Most constitutional constraints on the power of government have a readily discernible purpose. It is difficult, however, to state the purpose of many justiciability constraints; certainly there is not general agreement on their purposes. In many cases, justiciability rules do no more than act as an apparently pointless constraint on courts. They throw a few grains of sand into the workings of the judicial branch but do not prevent it from grinding out a judgment. This Article suggests that the apparent purposelessness of justiciability doctrines, as they exist today, indicates that the doctrines are fundamentally misconceived. The courts should not interpret the sparse text of Article III of the Constitution as imposing purposeless constraints on judicial power. Rather, the courts should discern such purposes as justiciability doctrines can properly serve and reconceive them in light of those purposes. Part II of this Article poses the riddle of justiciability. This Part observes that most constitutional provisions serve a reasonably discernible purpose. The justiciability provisions, however, are not so easily pigeonholed. Certainly there is not general agreement as to their purpose, as there is with regard to many constitutional provisions.9 Therefore, this Part suggests, it is essential to determine whether the justiciability constraints serve any plausible purpose. Part III therefore conducts a detailed inquiry into the purposes of justiciability doctrines. This Part reviews the numerous suggestions that courts and scholars have proposed for the purposes underlying the justiciability doctrines and argues that most of them are implausible. Part III rejects suggestions that justiciability doctrines serve to improve the performance of courts by giving litigants a stake in the outcome of cases, to protect the autonomy of groups affected by judicial rulings,11 to restrain courts and preserve the prerogatives of the other branches of government,12 or to grant courts discretion to avoid socially difficult rulings.13 It also rejects the possibility that the purpose of justiciability doctrines is irrelevant because courts must limit themselves to cases the Framers would have intended them to hear, regardless of whether doing so would serve any purpose. …" @default.
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- W158513338 date "2007-11-01" @default.
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- W158513338 title "A Theory of Justiciability" @default.
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