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• W1585173820 endingPage "204" @default.
• W1585173820 startingPage "183" @default.
• W1585173820 abstract "Exercise is beneficial in many diseases but the exact molecular mechanism(s) of its beneficial actions in not clear. Exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and other cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), lipoxin A4 (LXA4), and endothelial nitric oxide (eNO); augmented expression of nur-77, an orphan nuclear receptor, and immediate early gene that regulates cellular proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and glucose metabolism; and PGC-1α expression and follistatin seem to be responsible for the benefits of exercise. Of all, enhancement in the production of LXA4, an anti-inflammatory and vasodilator molecule, suppressor of excess production of ROS and IL-6, and inducer of release of eNO, likely regulator of expression of nur-77, PGC-1α, follistatin, and BDNF, seems to be central to the beneficial actions of exercise. Previously, we showed that both LXA4 and BDNF interact with each other to potentiate each other's synthesis and action. Exercise significantly increased LXA4 synthesis, and its urinary levels was decreased, while that of proinflammatory cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) increased in aged volunteers compared to young subjects, an indication of enhanced low-grade systemic inflammation seen in the aged. Regular exercise enhances parasympathetic tone and augments production of acetylcholine, the principal vagal neurotransmitter, a potent anti-inflammatory molecule, and a master regulator of hypothalamic peptides and neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and ghrelin, leptin, incretins, and cholecystokinin that also have immunomodulatory actions. It is likely that hypothalamic peptides and neurotransmitters and ghrelin, leptin, incretins, and cholecystokinin may augment LXA4 synthesis and action. Thus, the beneficial actions of exercise seen in its ability to optimize inflammation and immune system; decrease appetite; enhance feeling of well-being; decrease incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and mood elevation; improve cognitive function; and decrease incidence of certain types of cancers could be ascribed to its action on BDNF, NO, LXA4, and other similar bioactive lipids." @default.
• W1585173820 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1585173820 creator A5003733759 @default.
• W1585173820 date "2015-02-06" @default.
• W1585173820 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W1585173820 title "Molecular, Biochemical, and Physiological Basis of Beneficial Actions of Exercise" @default.
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