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- W1585602292 abstract "Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae) trees are avoided by the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex striatus Roger (Formicidae, Attini) in a semi-arid Chaco forest of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. In order to find out the chemical fraction responsible of ant rejection, we analyzed putative chemical defenses (tannins, phenolics and saponins) in young and mature leaves of Ziziphus mistol and carried out field bioassays to test both polar and non-polar leaf extracts for ant-repellence. We included into our bioassays two flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin and its glycoside rutin, which are common in Ziziphus mistol leaves, and commercial quebracho tannin. Condensed tannins and total phenols were significantly in higher concentra- tions in mature than in young leaves. We were unable to detect hydrolyzable tannins on both young and mature leaves. Saponins were only detected in young leaves. The non-polar extract was significantly repellent, whereas the polar extract was not significantly attractive. Tannin, quercetin and rutin did not exhibit significant attractiveness or repellence at the tested concen- trations. Our results suggest that some unidentified constituent(s) of the non-polar fraction of the foliar extract, likely of terpenoid nature, accounts for the rejection of the entire Ziziphus mistol leaves by Acromyrmex striatus ants. RESUMEN. Defensas quimicas en el arbol Ziziphus mistol contra la hormiga cortadora de hojas Acromyrmex striatus: Las hojas de Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae) no son consumidas por la hormiga cortadora de hojas Acromyrmex striatus Roger (Formicidae, Attini) en un bosque chaqueno semiarido de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Para determinar cual es el componente quimico responsable de ese comportamiento de las hormigas, se analizaron las defensas quimi- cas putativas (taninos, fenolicos y saponinas) en hojas jovenes y maduras de Ziziphus mistol y se llevaron a cabo bioensayos a campo en los que se probaron las propiedades repelentes de las fracciones polar y no polar de un extracto foliar. En los bioensayos se incluyeron dos flavonoides presentes en las hojas de Ziziphus mistol, quercetina y su glicosido rutin, y extracto comercial de quebracho colorado, una fuente de taninos. Los niveles de taninos condensados y fenoles totales fueron significativamente mayores en las hojas maduras que en las jovenes. No se detectaron taninos hidrolizables en ningun tipo de hoja. La presencia de saponinas solo fue registrada en las hojas jovenes. El extracto cloroformico (no polar) fue significativamente repelente, mientras que el extracto metanolico (polar) no fue significativamente atractivo. Ni los taninos ni los flavonoides mostraron una atraccion o una repelencia significativas a las concentraciones ensayadas. Nues- tros resultados sugieren que algun constituyente no identificado de la fraccion no polar del ex- tracto foliar, posiblemente de naturaleza terpenoide, daria cuenta del rechazo de las hojas de Ziziphus mistol por la hormiga Acromyrmex striatus." @default.
- W1585602292 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1585602292 date "2002-06-01" @default.
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- W1585602292 title "Chemical defenses in the tree Ziziphus mistol against the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex striatus" @default.
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