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• W1585757913 abstract "TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. THE PROBLEM A. Plastic, Plastic Everywhere B. Tragedy of the Commons II. REGULATORY STATUS QUO A. International Agreements B. Federal Laws C. State and Local Governments III. SOLUTIONS A. Nurdles--Tiny Pellets, Big Problem B. Plastic Bags 1. Bans a. Rubric for Lawsuits b. Paper Versus Plastic c. Standing d. Lawsuits in California e. Bans Are the Best Option 2. Less Viable Alternatives a. Biodegradable Plastics b. Recycling c. Taxes C. Moral Imperative CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION The last fallen mahogany would lie perceptibly on the landscape, and the last black rhino would be obvious in its loneliness, but a marine species may disappear beneath the waves unobserved and the sea would seem to roll on the same as always. (1) I want to say one word to you. Just one word.... Plastics. (2) Swirling masses of plastic spanning hundreds of miles lurk just beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean. (3) These ever-increasing plastic masses are tangible reminders of the oft-forgotten consequences of using disposable plastic. As plastic use has steadily increased in the past century, the northern Pacific Ocean has begun to resemble a giant aquatic garbage can. (4) Estimates of the size of this Pacific vary, but most researchers agree it is at least as large as the state of Texas. (5) Currently, there are no international treaties or federal laws that effectively combat this problem. (6) There are, however, smaller scale laws that have promise for stopping the spread of the Pacific Garbage Patch. Because national and international solutions for this problem are unlikely to arise in the near future, two laws in California--one regulating the use of tiny plastic pellets (nurdles), (7) and one banning plastic shopping bags--are the most viable legislative prototypes available today for stopping the tentacles of the Garbage Patch from creeping outward. This Note will analyze legal and political concerns for policymakers looking to plug the regulatory gap through which plastic slips into the Pacific. Lawsuits and political controversy over plastic use have forced policymakers to assess both environmental and economic costs and benefits of restricting the use of this ubiquitous material. A complete lack of action is no longer an option, as the growing plastic problem in the Pacific adds more ballast every day to the environmental cost side of a policy analysis, indicating that the economic benefits of plastic use cannot long outweigh environmental costs and concerns. And as environmental issues gain more public attention, legislators often add moral factors to their cost-benefit analyses. An environmental moral imperative supports mandatory environmental protection measures when voluntary measures are inadequate, even in the face of economic counterarguments. A moral imperative compels people to act a certain way. The environmental moral imperative described in this Note compels people to protect and preserve the natural environment. Monetary savings from using plastic do not counteract the immorality of polluting the Pacific Ocean and robbing future generations of the benefits of a plastic-free ocean. Accordingly, mandatory plastic control measures are necessary to remedy the garbage problem in the commons of the Pacific. Regulations like California's nurdle law are a valuable policy tool for industrial change, and bans on plastic bags are a viable option for change on the consumer side. Such mandatory environmental measures would promote an appropriate sea change in the American environmental mindset; one that could, in turn, change the plastic-ridden sea. I. THE PROBLEM A. Plastic, Plastic Everywhere The average American sees a parade of plastic products everyday and uses hundreds of pounds of plastic every year. …" @default.
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• W1585757913 date "2010-04-01" @default.
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• W1585757913 title "A Sea of Change to Change the Sea: Stopping the Spread of the Pacific Garbage Patch with Small-Scale Environmental Legislation" @default.
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