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• W1587044618 abstract "Beekeeping is far from being an undocumented activity. A quick subject search for bees in the catalog of my own university library produced 666 titles, the earliest the 1609 publication of Charles Butler, The Feminine Monarchie, a classic in its way, in that he was partly right and partly wrong in identifying the roles of the drones, workers, and queen. But the European literature on bees goes back far beyond 1609 to classical times. The fourth book of Virgil’s Georgics was for centuries read as an authoritative account of the subject and now, given its inaccuracies, is appreciated as literature rather than science. The really serious student of beekeeping will want to go to Cardiff, Wales, home of the International Bee Research Association (ibra), which, to quote from its Web site, has assembled the “world’s first and best-established specialist bee library” and includes not only books but also a journal collection. The director of ibra for thirty-five years, Eva Crane, is the present reigning authority on the history of beekeeping. In 1983 she published The Archaeology of Beekeeping, following it in 1999 with a greatly expanded version, The World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting, a well-written, well-illustrated volume intended to be the standard work on the subject, but unfortunately rather expensive: £85.00 at the time of publication. These two books, particularly the latter, are very broad in their scope, extending into chapters on the representation of bees in works of art, in heraldry, and on coins. Crane argues that knowledge of bee life was inaccurate and rather static until 1600, when research began to improve. There were two challenges in the history of beekeeping. One was to work out the roles of the queen, workers, and drones as Butler had tried to do; the second was to design a hive that would satisfy the bees but permit the easy stealing of their honey. By the early nineteenth century the first challenge had been set to rest, the life of bees by then largely understood; while in 1851, the Rev. L.L. Langstroth of Philadelphia produced a solution to the second with his movable-frame hive. Research on bees has, of course, continued, even producing one Nobel prize, awarded in 1973 to Karl von Frisch for his work on the language of bees, in which he demonstrated both how and what bees communicated to each other. Crane has discussed this progress in detail, and the authors of all three books reviewed here acknowledge the importance of her contribution. Yet, even with an extensive bibliography on the shelves and major issues seemingly resolved, new contributions to the study of beekeeping continue to appear. During 2005 at least five histories of beekeeping were published: the Times Literary Supplement noticed three at length, one of which—Bee Wilson’s book—is also reviewed here, plus two more that escaped the attention of the tls. Two questions inevitably arise: who makes up the market for all these books on bees and beekeeping, and what do the new books add to our knowledge? To judge from the three reviewed here, they cover much of the same material, popularize scientific and historical research, and find a generally The Industry of Bees" @default.
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• W1587044618 date "2005-09-01" @default.
• W1587044618 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1587044618 title "Bees in America: how the honey bee shaped a nation" @default.
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