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• W1587200780 abstract "American Egyptologist: The Life of James Henry Breasted and the Creation of His Oriental Institute. By Jeffrey Abt. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. Pp. xiv, 510, illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth, $45.00.)Jeffrey Abt's book is intended to present a biography of James Henry Breasted, the founder of American Egyptology, while at the same time offering its readers the story of how the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago was founded. Abt successfully presents the historical environment Breasted lived in and which is echoed in his works, adding important additional information on the scholarly works of Breasted, the institute he founded and the many important scholars he came to know during his lifetime.The first chapter of the book deals with Breasted's formative years, from his early interests in antiquity to his decision to pursue the study of ancient Egypt. Bom August 27,1865, in Rockford, Illinois, Breasted got his doctorate in Berlin, his dissertation focusing on the sun-hymns of Akhenaten. After he graduated he was hired by the newly founded University of Chicago to acquire material from Egypt for the future museum.Between 1895 and 1907 Breasted published a number of books and presented a series of public lectures. While working on his Ancient Records of Egypt (1906-07) he came to realize the shortcoming of the transcriptions made by other scholars that he had to rely upon. It was during this time that he also began the writing of his History of Egypt (1905), which was meant to match his Ancient Records.Chapter four, entitled Expeditions to Nubia, is meant to present the reader with the ways Breasted secured funding for his field projects focusing on epigraphy and archaeology. During his fieldwork in Nubia he continued perfecting his method of making drawings based on photographs.When Breasted became department chair at Chicago in 1915 he proceeded to change its organization and curriculum by multiplying the specializations in Ancient Near Eastern studies. Abt spends quite a few pages dealing with Breasted's change in perspective regarding religion and theological studies, as well as the importance of historical research. Breasted saw Darwinism and evolution as scientific advances that left contemporary society depraved of spirituality. This spirituality could be rekindled by making society aware of history in a large sense, thus substituting the old belief in spiritual forces with the inspirational story of humanity's rise.While department chair and director of the Oriental Institute, Breasted's projects were to publish the Coffin Texts as well as create an Assyrian-Babylonian dictionary. The Chicago House Method, Breasted's pioneering survey process, is given its own separate sub-chapter. This involved the creation of large photographic prints of wall scenes that would be drawn upon, inking the contours of the reliefs. …" @default.
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