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• W1587296828 abstract "Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Traditional risk factors for CV disease include hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, advanced age and male sex in the general population. Although hemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of many of these factors, they also have nontraditional, or uremia-related, specific factors such as anemia, altered calcium-phosphorus metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, hypoalbuminemia, carbamylation, abnormal lipoproteins and hyperhomocysteinemia (Parfrey, 2000; LondonD Kasiske et al., 2000). However, CV causes of death are most prominent in the first years of dialysis and are rare in patients who have been on long term dialysis – the reverse of what would be expected if dialysis itself caused ‘accelerated atherosclerosis (Mailloux et al., 1991). Because many patients with end-stage renal disease already have one or more comorbidities and clinically evident vascular disease, it is difficult to determine from clinical or epidemiological studies whether traditional or non-traditional risk factors are more responsible for the high risk of CV events. The presence of comorbid disease is an increasingly common problem, being much more prevelant in new patients started on dialysis today than previously (Godkin et al., 2003; Mailloux et al., 1996; Merkus et al., 2000; Miskulin et al., 2009; Wallen et al., 2001). Hemodialysis patients who are under 55 years of age and without diabetes, significant comorbid diseases and obesity are very rare in the general hemodialysis population. For this reason, fewer epidemiological studies which focus on the determinants of CV risk of a relatively ‘healthy’ hemodialysis population are available. However, it is increasingly appreciated that chronic kidney disease alone is an independent risk factor for the development of CV disease. In this topic review of available data, an overview is presented of CV risk factors in hemodialysis patients without significant comorbidities." @default.
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• W1587296828 date "2011-11-07" @default.
• W1587296828 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W1587296828 title "Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in Hemodialysis Patients Without Significant Comorbidities" @default.
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• W1587296828 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/22682" @default.
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