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• W1590968057 abstract "This paper examines how the World Conference against Racism in Durban 2001 intensified an old debate in India about caste and race. The controversy arose after the ‘National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights’ wanted to present caste discrimination in Durban as equivalent to racial discrimination. The Indian government protested, and distinguished sociologists entered the fray by claiming that race is a western concept which cannot be compared to caste, strengthening the official position. Conceptual logic became central to the debate. First, the position represents conventional knowledge, which reflects the anti-colonial attempt to define race as being irrelevant to India. But, secondly, the scholarly discourse acted to exclude oppression from the debate in clear contrast to the Durban agenda on racism and intolerance. The debate showed, broadly, how Durban represented a transformative potential by connecting global racism discourse to the moral status of an embedded postcolonial state. Further, the paper argues that the dominating conceptual focus reflects a paradigmatic individualism, which informs the scholarly approach to modern caste formations. While individualist approaches exclude Dalit rhetoric as subjective, they do not sufficiently acknowledge that the exclusionary logics inflicted on Dalits in modern bureaucratic institutions is a racial dynamic. To shed light on the Durban controversy, the paper outlines the larger background to caste in India and provides examples of Dalit discourse. It also presents the formation of the human rights network and controversial issues regarding the way they define themselves as NGOs, Dalits and Christians. These attributed properties were fundamental for the debate(s). Durban cannot be seen as an episode with tangible empirical impact. Rather, the debate was an intense moment in an ongoing historical argument about hierarchical practices and equality in India as well as about its moral status in the global community. In December 2006, however, at an international conference in New Delhi, the Prime Minister of India compared the Dalit situation to apartheid. Cet article traite de la maniere dont la Conference mondiale contre le racisme, qui s’est tenue a Durban en 2001, a nourri un ancien debat indien sur les notions de castes et de races. La controverse a emerge lorsque la « National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights » a voulu presenter les discriminations de castes et de races de maniere equivalente. Les protestations du gouvernement indien ont ete soutenues par des sociologues reconnus pour lesquels la comparaison avec la notion occidentale de race est impossible. La position officielle s’appuyait sur un savoir conventionnel refletant la tentative anticoloniale de rejeter cette notion, mais aussi sur un discours universitaire qui tendait a exclure la question de l’oppression du debat, contrastant clairement avec le programme de Durban sur le racisme et l’intolerance. Ce texte analyse par ailleurs les fondements theoriques individualistes de l’approche universitaire de la formation des castes et leur impact sur le debat. Lorsque les approches individualistes excluent la rhetorique dalit, jugee trop subjective, elles oublient que les logiques d’exclusion imposees aux Dalits par les institutions bureaucratiques modernes obeissent a une logique raciale. Afin de comprendre la controverse de Durban, nous presentons une analyse plus large de la notion de caste en Inde et offrons des exemples de discours dalit. Cet article s’interroge enfin sur la mobilisation collective qui est apparue dans ce domaine. La maniere dont les acteurs se sont presentes – militants d’ONG, Dalits, Chretiens – a en particulier nourri la polemique. La controverse de Durban a alimente le long processus national de reflexion sur les hierarchies et l’egalite sociale, ainsi que sur la place de l’Inde dans le monde. Son impact n’a pas ete immediat mais en decembre 2006, lors d’une conference internationale a New Delhi, le Premier ministre indien a compare la situation des Dalits avec l’apartheid." @default.
• W1590968057 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1590968057 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W1590968057 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1590968057 title "Sovereignties, the World Conference against Racism 2001 and the Formation of a Dalit Human Rights Campaign" @default.
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• W1590968057 doi "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2283287" @default.
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